Total systems approach

The deleterious effect of some fat substitutes has been demonstrated in cake frosting (27) the result is an unacceptable frosting, filled with air bubbles. In another example, some low fat cheeses are quite acceptable when cold, but when heated result in a product texture that changes to a sticky, gummy mass. Attempts to replace fat must be viewed as a total systems approach (28,29). It is likely that no one material will replace fats in food rather, replacement will consist of mixtures with each ingredient addressing one or more of the roles played by fats in food. 

HCS Hauled-container systems TSA Total systems approach... 

Ereduc tion of a product or service must be evaluated over its entire istoiy or life cycle. This life-cycle analysis or total systems approach (Ref. 3) is crucial to identifying opportunities for improvement. As described earher, this type of evaluation identifies energy use, material inputs, and wastes generated during a products hfe from extraction and processing of raw materials to manufacture and transport of a product to the marketplace and finally to use and dispose of the produc t (Ref. 5). 

Reduced negative environmental impacts. Through an evaluation of pollution-prevention alternatives, which consider a total systems approach, consideration is given to the negative impact of environmental damage to natural resources and species that occur during raw-material procurement and waste disposal. The performance of pollution-prevention endeavors will therefore result in enhanced environmental protection. 

Capital, operating, and environmental controls, and some life-cycle analysis (Total Systems Approach)... 

Compared with the multi-scale micro mixer-tube concept (see Section 4.1.6), the total-system approach is a true mono-scale solution, and may be even termed monolithic. Integration of sensing and controlling is facile owing to the high order and repetition of construction imits (plates). 

It is unlikely that any one approach alone will solve the problems of smell. The application of a battery of remedies as part of a total systems approach seems to offer the best possibility. 

Because no one method seems likely to be effective enough, combinations of approaches will often be necessary and this suggests that more work could well be done on total systems approaches rather than on looking at individual factors. Such research... 

The first and foremost element for GMP is the quality system. This can be divided into Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC). QA is a total system approach. It sets out the compliance policies and procedures for all facets of drug manufacturing. QC is the practical extension of QA. The role of QC is concerned with inspection and testing of the manufacturing environment, raw materials, in-process intermediates, and finished products. 

The introduction of the Sir Galahad has allowed a more rehahle total systems approach to the problem of mercury measurement. 

The availabihty of a new highly sensitive system for the measurement of mercury in natural gas has allowed a completely new total systems approach to be adopted. This provides an on-hne system to measure the most critical gas stream on a continuous basis, sending detailed results directly to the process computer. It avoids the built-in delays involved in using laboratory measurements and provides better integrity of results. 

The aims of the automation group at LGC were very clear and are shown in Table 1.3. Simphcity was considered to be the best approach, with the minimum number of processes being involved. A more complex approach has many more chances of failure. The total systems approach is defined in Chapter 3. Essentially, it sets out to cover all aspects of the analytical process as defined in Fig. 1.2. It provides for the quahty checks at operator, supervisor and managerial levels, and rehable results transferred in a readily digestible format. The Tar and Nicotine Survey described by Stockwell and Copeland [IS] is a good example of the approach. The total process, from the statistical sampHng pattern through to quahty-controlled data, leads in its final format to results tabulated for public information. 

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