Total Actual Acidity

ASM—actual sulfuric as nitric, ASS—actual sulfuric as sulfuric,MA—mixed acid,N normality of std soln,N A—nitric acid, N-so—nitroso, R-burette reading,SA—sulfuric acid.TA— total acidity, TAA-total actual acidity (the sum of actual sulfuric, actual nitric and actual nitroso),TAN—total acidity as nitric,... 

To report HaS04 41.87, HN03 57.93, N-so 0.31 and H20(by diff) -0.11%. The sum of actual sulfuric, actual nitric and nitroso is called total actual acidity (TAA)... 

Tolyltetrazolonimide. See under Amino-tolyltetrazoles A265-R Total Acidity as Nitric Acid A88-R Total Acidity as Sulfuric Acid A89-L Total Actual Acidity ApO-L Total Nitric as Nitric Acid A88 A89 Total Sulfuric as Sulfuric Acid A89 Transannular Photoperoxide of Anthracene A458-R... 

Increasing the reactor temperature setpoint increases the production rate of vinyl acetate, so there must ultimately be net increases in all three fresh reactant feed streams. Oxygen and ethylene flows respond fairly quickly within about 20 minutes. However, the acetic acid feed actually decreases for the first 60 minutes in response to an increase in column base level. These results demonstrate the slow dynamics of the liquid recycle loop and illustrate the need for controlling the total acetic acid flow to the reactor so that the separation section does not see these large swings in load ( snowball effect"). The variability is absorbed by the fresh feed makeup stream. 

Tryptophan is one of 20 to 22 amino acids that are required for the synthesis of protein within tissues. Tryptophan is assumed to consist of 1.5% of the total amino acids in tissue protein. Assuming that the adult male at nitrogen equilibrium synthesizes approximately 225 to 250 g of protein daily (approximately 3 g/kg/d), then approximately 3.5 g of tryptophan is utilized daily for protein synthesis. This is of special interest because there is no net accretion of body protein at nitrogen balance. Thus, a large flux of amino acids, including tryptophan, participates in this pathway daily. Actually, the tryptophan... 

In order to find out which acids are actually responsible for the increase of the total organic acids in the blood plasma of uremic patients, Nordmaim et al. (N16) made a chromatographic study on blood plasma samples from 24 patients with acute renal failure. They found that some of the acids, which are present only in trace amounts on chromatograms of normal blood plasma, are greatly increased, while many others, which are absent from normal chromatograms, appear in the plasma during acute renal failure (Fig. 15). 

During the course of these synthesis, the synthesis of 19,20-dehydroyohimbines was also achieved by using the acylated D/E-cis enone, which has a folded ring conformation. On the other hand, the 19,20-unsaturated ketone has a rather planar structure. Therefore, it was expected that the back migration of a double bond at the 18,19-position into the 19,20-position would occur. Actually, acid treatment of the 18,19-enone yielded the 19,20-enone in an excellent yield. Subsequent reductions furnished the first total synthesis of three 19,20-dehydroyohimbines. 

There is, however, a caveat for estimating available total phenolic acid concentrations. The estimates of the total available fraction of phenolic acids in soil extracts represent a crude estimate of what actually occurs in soil, not only because of the range of efficiencies of extraction procedures but also because different phenolic acids at the same concentration generate different absorbances with Folin Ciocalteu s phenol reagent (Fig. 3.7 Blum et al. 1991). In addition soil extracts also contain compounds, other than phenolic acids, that react with (i.e., reduce) the Folin Ciocalteu s phenol reagent (McAllister 1969 Box 1983). The assumption, therefore, was that available total phenolic acid values based on the Folin Ciocalteu s phenol reagent expressed as ferulic acid equivalence were relative values that were consistently related to the acmal total available phenolic acids (hereafter just called total phenolic acid) present in soil extracts. The extraction and quantification by HPLC analysis of available individual phenolic acids in soil do not have these particular problems. 

Pro 4 Total phenolic acid concentrations estimated by water-autoclave extraction and Folin Ciocalteu s phenol reagent are not absolute values and thus should not be viewed as such, they are relative values. The following suggest that these relative values for total phenolic acid content can actually be useful and meaningful ... 

The two acids therefore end up giving similar titration profiles. The acidity measured by titration is known as the total or the tltratable acidity and reflects the concentration of an acid in solution. It does not, however, reflect the strength of an acid or its actual acidity. 

Radioimmunoassay. Antibodies can be produced against bile acid-protein complexes - usually bile acid-bovine serum albumin complex - and used for radioimmunoassay of that bile acid in usual manner (cf. 1). Each bile acid should have its own antibody so that the method is suitable for the quantitation of individual bile acids provided the antibodies are specific enough. One of the major problems actually is the cross-reactivity of antibodies and difficulties in the determination of total bile acids in biological materials. Thus, for the fec il bile acids with mainly bacterial transformation products (see Fig. 1) and to some extent for the urinary bile acids, especially under diseased conditions, this is quite Impossible. 

One of the great practical interests in the concept of pH lies in the fact that its value is a satisfactory measurement of the protonic activity of a solution, in other words, of its actual acidity. This point signifies that the operation of pH measurement does not alter the solution s acidity, that is, does not shift the acid-base equilibria of the solution. (This kind of measurement can be found in other branches of physical sciences. An example is provided by thermometry, which acknowledges that the use of a thermometer does not change the temperature of the system under study.) Let s incidentally note that it is not at all the same when we measure the acidity of a solution by a titration procedure in which the acid-base equilibria are completely shifted by the titration reaction. In such a case, we are speaking of the total acidity instead of the true acidity. 

The pattern of total synthesis is closely reflected by the acyl-CoA fraction (data not shown). However, when compared with total fatty acid synthesis, PA, DG and PG are always relatively enriched in saturated fatty acids (Table 2). Although we have not actually performed molecular species analysis on the products of the chloroplast incubations, most, but not all, of this enrichment for saturated fatty acids can be explained by the apparent absolute specificity of the plastid 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyl-ACPacyltransferase (henceforth,... 

The pH Scale.— H-ion concentration, or actual acidity, of a solution must be distinguished clearly from available or titration acidity, which is measured by finding the amount of alkali required to neutralise the solution. The pH value depends on the quahty as well as the quantity of the acid the titration value depends only on the quantity of total available acid. That is to say, pH is a measure of the number of acidic ions, while titration acidity is a measure of the number of acid rnolecules present, irrrespective of whether they are ionised or not. 

The amount of carbonic acid present, undissociated or dissociated, is only about 1 of the total concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide. Carbonic acid, in l especi of its dissociation into hydrogen and hydrogencarbonate ions, is actually a stronger acid than acetic acid the dissociation constant is ... 

Hydrolysis of />-Tolunitrile. As in the case of benzonitrile, alkaline h> drolysis is preferable to hydrolysis by 70% sulphuric acid. Boil a mixture of 5 g. of p-tolunitrile, 75 ml. of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 15 ml. of ethanol under a reflux water-condenser. The ethanol is added partly to increase the speed of the hydrolysis, but in particular to prevent the nitrile (which volatilises in the steam) from actually crystallising in the condenser. The solution becomes clear after about i hour s heating, but the boiling should be continued for a total period of 1-5 hours to ensure complete hydrolysis. Then precipitate and isolate the p-toluic acid, CH3CgH4COOH, in precisely the same way as the benzoic acid in the above hydrolysis of benzonitrile. Yield 5 5 g. (almost theoretical). The p-toluic acid has m.p. 178°, and may be recrystallised from a mixture of equal volumes of water and rectified spirit. 

The excess of unchanged acetic anhydride is then hydrolysed by the addition of water, and the total free acetic acid estimated by titration with standard NaOH solution. Simultaneously a control experiment is performed identical with the above except that the alcohol is omitted. The difference in the volumes of NaOH solution required in the two experiments is equivalent to the difference in the amount of acetic add formed, i.e., to the acetic acid used in the actual acetylation. If the molecular weight of the alcohol is known, the number of hydroxyl groups can then be calculated. 

---