Toluene-4-sulfonate degradation

This technique, however, was less than satisfactory. The polymeric acid chlorides were very sensitive to hydrolysis and polymer degradation occurred, presumably due to the presence of HCl. This decomposition was reflected by a decrease in viscosity during this reaction sequence. Furthermore, the final polymers exhibited strong, broad hydroxyl stretching bands in their IR spectra. Transesterification was also attempted unsuccessfully. Poly(ethyl acrylate) was reacted with pentachlorophenol in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid in benzene. Very little ethanol was Isolated and upon precipitation of the polymer in petroleum ether only oily material remained. 

Another instructive example of oxidative degradation in substituted aromatic compounds is given in Fig. which demonstrates that semiquinone radicals are obtained not only from toluene sulfonic acid, but also from hydroxytoluene sulfonic acid ... 

Figure 4. 200 MHz H-NMR Spectrum of a Polystyrene Recovered After Degrading a Polysiloxane-Polystyrene Block Copolymer with p-Toluene-sulfonic Acid Hydrate.

A Pseudomonas rathonis T-based amperometric biosensor was constructed for the detection of anionic surfactants. Microorganisms contained the plasmid for the degradation of surfactant. The sensor had high sensitivity to DS (the lower limit of DS detection was within the range from 0.25 to 0.75 mg L ) the responses to other detergents— volgonat, decylbenzene sulfonate, metaupon, toluene sulfonate, and alkylbenzene sulfonate—were 82, 36, 20, 10, and 10 % of response to SDS, respectively. As reported, the measurement time did not exceed 5 min. 

To reach the reductive step of the azo bond cleavage, due to the reaction between reduced electron carriers (flavins or hydroquinones) and azo dyes, either the reduced electron carrier or the azo compound should pass the cell plasma membrane barrier. Highly polar azo dyes, such as sulfonated compounds, cannot pass the plasma membrane barrier, as sulfonic acid substitution of the azo dye structure apparently blocks effective dye permeation [28], The removal of the block to the dye permeation by treatment with toluene of Bacillus cereus cells induced a significant increase of the uptake of sulfonated azo dyes and of their reduction rate [29]. Moreover, cell extracts usually show to be more active in anaerobic reduction of azo dyes than whole cells. Therefore, intracellular reductases activities are not the best way to reach sulfonated azo dyes reduction the biological systems in which the transport of redox mediators or of azo dye through the plasma membrane is not required are preferable to achieve their degradation [13]. 

The sulfonic acid resins such as Dowex-50 and Amberlyst-15 have been used to promote the alkylation of the more active aromatic rings but attempts to increase their acidity generally resulted in the degradation of the solid. 2 The more strongly acidic perfluorinated resin sulfonic acid, Nafion-H,2>3 has, however, been used to promote the alkylation of benzene and other aromatic compounds. Nafion-H catalyzed the vapor phase reaction between toluene and methanol. When nm at 185°C a 12% yield of the isomeric xylenes was obtained with the ortho isomer the major product. 0 Methylation of phenol at 205°C over this catalyst gave, at 63% conversion. 37% anisole and 10% of a mixture of the ortho and para cresols in a 2 1 ratio. Reaction of anisole with methanol under these conditions resulted in a 14% selectivity to the methyl anisoles at 40% conversion, with the ortho and para isomers formed in nearly equal amounts. ... 

In this context our interest was focused on sulfonic acid esters of starch, derived fh)m the reaction of organic sulfonyl chloride (e.g. benzene, methane, or toluene sulfonyl chloride). These derivatives can be employed as partially protected and reactive intermediates. Up to now, especially the reaction of starch with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine was studied, i.e. under heterogeneous reaction conditions, which may be accompanied by several side reactions. Alternatively, a homogeneous procedure was published using dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent for starch. However, the sulphur contents of the products were very low and an extensive degradation of the polymer occured . The extent of / toluenesulfonyIation of primary and secondary groups was determined by the iodination method. It was revealed that the reaction proceeds faster at 0-6 than at 0-2 and 0-2... 

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