Sulfonation toluene

A solution of trifluoroacetic acid in toluene was found to be advantageous for cydization of pyruvate hydrazoncs having nitro substituents[4]. p-Toluene-sulfonic acid or Amberlyst-15 in toluene has also been found to give excellent results in preparation of indole-2-carboxylale esters from pyruvate hydra-zoiies[5,6J. Acidic zeolite catalysts have been used with xylene as a solvent to convert phenylhydraziiies and ketones to indoles both in one-flask procedures and in a flow-through reactor[7]. 

Similarly, 5-thiazole alkanoic acids and their salts are obtained from thioamides and /3-halo -y-keto acids (695). Thus thioarylamides condensed with 3-aroyl-3-bromopropionic acid (88) in isopropanolic solution in the presence of Na COs give first 4-hydroxy-2-aryl-A-2-thiazoline-5-acetic acid intermediates (89), which were dehydrated in toluene with catalytic amounts of p-toluene sulfonic acid to 2,4-diaryl-5-thiazole acetic acid (90) (Scheme 39) (657), with R = H or Me Ar = Ph, o-, m- or p-tolyl, o-, m-, or P-CIC6H4, 0-, m-, or p-MeOC(iH4, P-CF3C6H4, a-thienyl, a-naphthyl (657). 

Because halides are poorer leaving groups than p toluene sulfonate alkyl p toluene sulfonates can be converted to alkyl halides by 8 2 reactions involving chloride bro mide or iodide as the nucleophile... 

The reaction of alcohols with acyl chlorides is analogous to their reaction with p toluenesulfonyl chloride described earlier (Section 8 14 and Table 15 2) In those reactions a p toluene sulfonate ester was formed by displacement of chloride from the sulfonyl group by the oxygen of the alcohol Carboxylic esters arise by displacement of chlonde from a carbonyl group by the alcohol oxygen... 

Write a stepwise mechanism for the conversion of p-toluene sulfonic acid to p-cresol under the conditions shown in the preceding equation... 

Resorcinol Derivatives. Aminophenols (qv) are important intermediates for the syntheses of dyes or active molecules for agrochemistry and pharmacy. Syntheses have been described involving resorcinol reacting with amines (91). For these reactions, a number of catalysts have been used / -toluene sulfonic acid (92), zinc chloride (93), zeoHtes and clays (94), and oxides supported on siUca (95). In particular, catalysts performing the condensation of ammonia with resorcinol have been described gadolinium oxide on siUca (96), nickel, or zinc phosphates (97), and iron phosphate (98). 

Orthoesters. The value of cycHc orthoesters as intermediates for selective acylation of carbohydrates has been demonstrated (73). Treatment of sucrose with trimethylorthoacetate and DMF in the presence of toluene-/)-sulfonic acid followed by acid hydrolysis gave the 6-0-acetylsucrose as the major and the 4-0-acetylsucrose [63648-80-6] as the minor component. The latter compound underwent acetyl migration from C-4 to C-6 when treated with an organic base, such as / fZ-butylamine, in DMF to give sucrose 6-acetate in >90% yield (74). When the kinetic reagent 2,2-dimethoxyethene was used,... 

Toluenesulfonic Acid. Toluene reacts readily with fuming sulfuric acid to yield toluene—sulfonic acid. By proper control of conditions, /)i7n7-toluenesulfonic acid is obtained. The primary use is for conversion, by fusion with NaOH, to i ra-cresol. The resulting high purity i7n -cresol is then alkylated with isobutylene to produce 2 (i-dii-tert-huty -para-cmso (BHT), which is used as an antioxidant in foods, gasoline, and mbber. Mixed cresols can be obtained by alkylation of phenol and by isolation from certain petroleum and coal-tar process streams. 

Toners derived from 6-chlorometanilic acid [88-43-7] 6-amiao-4-chloro-y -toluene-sulfonic acid [88-51-7] and 6-arriino-y -toluenesulfonic acid [88-44-8] have improved fastness properties and find use in paints, inks, and plastics. 

A. 2-f2-Bmmoetkyl)-l,3-diozane (1), A 2-L, three-necked flask Is equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, and gas Inlet tube. In the flask are placed 750 ml of dichloromethane, 112 g (2.00 moll of acrolein (Note 1), and 0.10 g of didnnamalacetone Indicator (Note 2) under nitrogen. The yellow solution is cooled to 0-5°C with an Ice bath. Gaseous hydrogen bromide (Note 3) is bubbled Into the solution with stirring until the Indicator becomes deep red (Note 4). The Ice bath is removed and 1.0 g of p-toluene-sulfonic acid monohydrate and 152.2 g (2.00 mol, 144 mL) of 1,3-propanediol (Note 11 are added. The yellow solution is stirred at room temperature for 8... 

Novolacs are usually made under acidic conditions. Oxalic, sulfuric, toluene sulfonic, phenyl sulfonic, methane sulfonic, hydrochloric, and phosphoric acids are the most common catalysts, though nearly any moderately strong acid will probably do. Often selection of the acid has significant effects on the resultant polymer structure or performance. Sometimes acids are selected for their volatility, as it may be necessary to distill the acid off in some processes. 

Acid-induced gelling reactions of PF resins can cause severe deterioration of the wood substrate and therefore have lost any importance in the wood adhesives field. Pizzi et al. [85] describe a procedure for the neutralization of acid-hardened PF glue lines by partly using as hardener a mix of p-toluene sulfonic acid with a... 

ALKYL, ARYL, or TOLUENE SULFONIC ACID, LIQUID containing more 2584 ... 

ALKYL,ARYL,OR TOLUENE SULFONIC ACID, SOLID containing more than 2585 ... 

In a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask covered with aluminum foil, 14.3 g (0.0381 mole) of 17a-acetoxy-3j5-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one is mixed with 50 ml of tetra-hydrofuran, 7 ml ca. 0.076 mole) of dihydropyran, and 0.15 g of p-toluene-sulfonic acid monohydrate. The mixture is warmed to 40 + 5° where upon the steroid dissolves rapidly. The mixture is kept for 45 min and 1 ml of tetra-methylguanidine is added to neutralize the catalyst. Water (100 ml) is added and the organic solvent is removed using a rotary vacuum evaporator. The solid is taken up in ether, the solution is washed with water and saturated salt solution, dried over sodium sulfate, and then treated with Darco and filtered. Removal of the solvent followed by drying at 0.2 mm for 1 hr affords 18.4 g (theory is 17.5 g) of solid having an odor of dihydropyran. The infrared spectrum contains no hydroxyl bands and the crude material is not further purified. This compound has not been described in the literature. 

Ethylenedioxy-2l-acetoxypregn-4-en-3-one A solution containing 3,3 20,20-bisethylenedioxypregn-5-en-21-ol acetate (120 mg) and /7-toluene-sulfonic acid hydrate (12 mg) in dry acetone (3 ml) is allowed to stand at 22° for 14 hr. Sodium bicarbonate solution and ether are added and the organic layer is separated, washed with water, dried and evaporated. Crystallization of the residue from hexane yields 81 mg (75%) of 20-monoketal, mp 140-141°. 

Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. (TKK), See Tokyo Chemical hidustry Co. Ltd. (Japan), 189 Tokyo Olika Kogyo Co., Ltd., 189 Toluene, 129 Toluene-2,4-dianiine, 130 Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate, 130 Toluene sulfonic acid, 130 o-Tolidiiie, 129 o-Toluidiiie, 130 Toluidines, 130... 

Additional evidence that a dynamic equilibrium exists between an enamine, N-hemiacetal, and aminal has been presented by Marchese (41). It should be noted that no acid catalysts were used in the reactions of aldehydes and amines discussed thus far. The piperidino enamine of 2-ethylhexanal (0.125 mole), morpholine (0.375 mole), and p-toluene-sulfonic acid (1.25 x 10 mole) diluted with benzene to 500 ml were refluxed for 5 hr. At the end of this time the enamine mixture was analyzed by vapor-phase chromatography, which revealed that exchange of the amino residue had occurred in a ratio of eight morpholine to one piperidine. Marchese proposed a scheme [Eqs. (4), (5) and (6)] to account for these... 

Work on the thiazolopyridines has been centered on the 2-methyl derivatives and their conversion into cyanine dyes. Takahashi et al. prepared a number of substituted thiazolo[5,4-6]pyridines (109 Y =.MeO,i6 EtO, Cl,i6 and EtgNi ), all of which form methiodides (110) as evidenced by the high reactivity of the 2-methyl group. A parallel will be seen between these compounds and the l,4-diaza-3fi -indenes. Kiprianov reports the interesting observation that the etho-toluene- -sulfonate of 109 (Y = H) does not contain a reactive methyl group presumably when Y is H the steric and electronic... 

The quaternary salt from 2-methylthiothiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine (111 Y = SMe) has been described but no structure has been advanced. Again the Russian workers report that a bis-etho-toluene- -sulfonate... 

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