Titanium propoxide

The alcohol exchange reaction was shown above in equation (2). The reactive alkoxy group (OR) is replaced by an alkoxy group that has less hydrolysis sensitivity (OR ). A representative example here is the use of reagents such as zirconium n-propoxide and titanium /-propoxide, both of which possess polar bonds, for the production of lead zirconate titanate films. Commonly in these processes, R OH is 2-methoxyethanol (CH3OCH2CH2OH), which is generally present as a bidentate ligand.35... 

Aluminum propoxide was dissolved in titanium propoxide at 60°C, and a 30-fold excess of water was added dropwise. The powder was calcined at 550°C. 

PZT thin films can be prepared using a solution of zirconium butoxide [Zr(0"C4H9)4] and titanium propoxide [Ti(0"C3H7)4] in 2-methoxyethanol (CH3OCH2CH2OH) mixed with lead acetate trihydrate [(CH3C02)2Pb-3H20] that is also dissolved in 2-methoxyethanol. 

In most research studies on SP and SD in the lab scale, ultrasonic atomization has been used to generate droplets/sprays. To increase the powder production rate, other atomization methods should be examined without affecting the particle size, size distribution and quahty. For instance, a twin-fiuid atomization technique was used to produce lead zirconate titanate (PZT) powder using a starting soluticm composed of lead acetate, zirconium acetate, and titanium propoxide (stabilized by acetylacetone) dissolved in water by Nimmo et al. [19]. Commercialization of SP technique is closely interrelated to its throughput and strong evidence that SP is a suitable method for the production of some particular advanced powders. 

Despite the importance of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the characterization of solid catalysts, in situ studies related to photocatalysts are rare. Mills and O Rourke [59] monitored the selective photooxidation of toluene by in situ NMR using an NMR tube as the photoreactor. A Ti02 precursor paste was prepared by hydrolysis of titanium propoxide and following treatment at 228 °C. The obtained anatase-type titania was mixed with poly(vinyl alcohol). The obtained paste was coated on the walls of the NMR tube, rotated over night and calcined. In parallel, batch experiments were carried out. The reaction mixture containing the catalyst was directly placed into the tube, which was irradiated outside the spectrometer and then inserted into the NMR spectrometer. 

Tetrapropyl silicate. See Tetra-n-propoxysilane Tetrapropyl titanate. See Tetra-n-propyl titanate Tetra-n-propyl titanate CAS 3087-37-4 EINECS/ELINCS 221-411-3 Synonyms 1-Propanol, titanium (4+) salt Tetrapropyl orthotitanate Tetrapropyl titanate Titanium propoxide Titanium (IV) propoxide Titanium (IV) n-propoxide Titanium n-propoxide Titanium tetrapropanolate TNPT Classification Organometallic compd. 

Zirconium Alkoxides. Like the corresponding titanium compounds, the 2irconium alkoxides are manufactured from soHd 2irconium tetrachloride and the respective alcohol in the presence of ammonia. Higher alkoxides are manufactured by alcoholysis. Zirconium -propoxide and -butoxide are commercially available in barrels at about 14/kg. 

PZN-PT, and YBa2Cug02 g. For the preparation of PZT thin films, the most frequently used precursors have been lead acetate and 2irconium and titanium alkoxides, especially the propoxides. Short-chain alcohols, such as methanol and propanol, have been used most often as solvents, although there have been several successful investigations of the preparation of PZT films from the methoxyethanol solvent system. The use of acetic acid as a solvent and chemical modifier has also been reported. Whereas PZT thin films with exceUent ferroelectric properties have been prepared by sol-gel deposition, there has been relatively Httle effort directed toward understanding solution chemistry effects on thin-film properties. 

Nanoparticles of the semicondnctor titanium dioxide have also been spread as mono-layers [164]. Nanoparticles of TiOi were formed by the arrested hydrolysis of titanium iso-propoxide. A very small amount of water was mixed with a chloroform/isopropanol solution of titanium isopropoxide with the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and a catalyst. The particles produced were 1.8-2.2 nm in diameter. The stabilized particles were spread as monolayers. Successive cycles of II-A isotherms exhibited smaller areas for the initial pressnre rise, attributed to dissolution of excess surfactant into the subphase. And BAM observation showed the solid state of the films at 50 mN m was featureless and bright collapse then appeared as a series of stripes across the image. The area per particle determined from the isotherms decreased when sols were subjected to a heat treatment prior to spreading. This effect was believed to arise from a modification to the particle surface that made surfactant adsorption less favorable. 

In other examples, also involving propargyl carbonates, the parent derivative 86 was first coupled with 87 - obtained by reaction of 5-octyne with the titanium diiso-propoxide - propene complex at -50 °C, providing the titanated vinylallene 88, which on hydrolysis furnished the vinylallenes 89 in good yield [29]. Carbonate 90 in the presence of a Pd° catalyst readily decarboxylated and yielded the allenylpalladium intermediate 91, which could be coupled with various vinyl derivatives to afford the vinylallenes 92. Since X represents a functional group (ester, acetyl), functionalized vinylallenes are available by this route [30]. 

The regioselective ring-opening of the chiral epoxides 36 (R1 = Me, Pr or Ph) with aliphatic amines 37 (R2 = t-Bu, PI1CH2 or C6H13) in the presence of titanium tetraiso-propoxide leads to mixtures of the amino alcohols 38 and 39, in which the former predominate70. 

Enantioselective epoxidation of allylic alcohols using t-butyl peroxide, titanium tetra-wo-propoxide, and optically pure diethyl tartrate. 

Gibson and coworkers have developed a series of tetradentate bis(iso-propoxide)-Ai,Ai-bis(6-methylenimino-2,4-di-tcrt-butylphenoxy)cyclohexyl-(lR,2R)-diamine-supported titanium(IV)-salen complexes 133-138 (Fig. 19). These complexes... 

The Sharpless epoxidation of allylic alcohols with lert-butyl hydroperoxide/titanium tetraiso-propoxide/diisopropyl tartrate (DIPT) is a highly enantioface-selective reaction and follows the topicity shown51. 

Alkoxides (titanium ethoxide, titanium n-propoxide, titanium n-butoxide, titanium sec-butoxide, titanium ethylhexoxide, aluminum sec-butoxide, zirconium n-propoxide, and their mixtures), typically 3 ml, sonicated with propylene carbonate, typically 17 ml, for 20-30 to form uniformly turbid emulsions. Immediate addition of water (10 mol excess) hydrolyzed the alkoxides. Precipitated oxide powders washed (in a Soxhlet extractor) with THF or 2-propanol for 21-30 h, dried, calcinated... 

The deposited gel is then dried in a suitable atmosphere and at an appropriate temperature. For example, a ferroelectric PZT film can be made by dipping a silica substrate into a hydrolyzing mixture of titanium tetraiso-propoxide (0.48 mol), zirconium tetra-n-propoxide (0.52 mol), and lead(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (1.0 mol), drying the film at 100 °C, firing it at 400°C, repeating the procedure 20 times, and then finally firing the sample at about 600 °C. 

Both the ally lie alcohol and tert-hutyX hydroperoxide are achiral, but the product epoxide is formed in high optical purity. This is possible because the catalyst, titanium tetraiso-propoxide, forms a chiral (possibly dimeric [36]) complex with resolved diethyl tartrate [(+)-DET] which binds the two achiral reagents together in the reactive complex. The two enantiotopic faces of the allylic double bond become diastereotopic in the chiral complex and react at different rates with the tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Many other examples may be found in recent reviews [31, 37-39]. 

Ti and Zr containing polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO) ceramic hybrid materials have lately been prepared by a sol-gel technique [61, 62]. Trialkoxy silane capped organic oligomer (PTMO or polyarylene ether sulfones) backbones with titanium isopropoxide or Zr-(n-propoxide) are used in this process ... 

Titanium iso-propoxide grafting on M41S type hosts catalytic and adsorption study... 

Titanium Iso-propoxide Grafting on M41S Type Hosts Catalytic and Adsorption 335... 

Lithium butyldimethylzincate, 221 Lithium sec-butyldimethylzincate, 221 Organolithium reagents, 94 Organotitanium reagents, 213 Palladium(II) chloride, 234 Titanium(III) chloride-Diisobutylalu-minum hydride, 303 Tributyltin chloride, 315 Tributyl(trimethylsilyl)tin, 212 3-Trimethylsilyl-l, 2-butadiene, 305 Zinc-copper couple, 348 Intramolecular conjugate additions Alkylaluminum halides, 5 Potassium t-butoxide, 252 Tetrabutylammonium fluoride, 11 Titanium(IV) chloride, 304 Zirconium(IV) propoxide, 352 Miscellaneous reactions 2-(Phenylseleno)acrylonitrile, 244 9-(Phenylseleno)-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]-nonane, 245 Quina alkaloids, 264 Tributyltin hydride, 316 Conjugate reduction (see Reduction reactions)... 

APTMS-modified MCM-41 surface. In a last step, titanium tetra-wo-propoxide reacted with the chiral organic-inorganic hybrid material, to give the heterogeneous variant of the asymmetric epoxidation catalyst of allylic alcohols, proposed by Katsuki and Sharpless.312... 

Solution chemistry precursor solvent nitric acid content water content precursor concentration temperature Titanium n-butoxide (Ti(C4H90)4) methanol 0.125 mol/mol of precursor 4 mol/mol of precursor 0.625 mmol/mL of methanol room temperature Zirconium n-propoxide (Zr(CjH70)4) n-propanol 0.83 mol/mol of precursor 2 mol/mol of precursor 1.0 mmol/mL of n-propanol room temperature... 

RESOLUTION (S)-1 -Amino-2-( silyloxyme-thyOpyrrolidines. I, I -Binaphthyl-2,2 -diyl hydrogen phosphate. t-Butyl hydroperox-ide-Diisopropyl lartrate-Titanium(IV) iso-propoxide. Di-p.-carbonylhexacarbonyldi-cobalt. (2S)-(2a,.3aa,4a,7a,7aa)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Octahydro-7,8,8-trime-thyl-4,7-methanobenzofurane-2-ol. 

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