2-Methoxyethanol as solvent

The greenish-blue dye (117) (82) is prepared in a similar fashion, replacing bromo with cyano by using cuprous cyanide, pyridine, and 2-methoxyethanol as solvent at 85°C. 

The regression equations were established for data in 11 alcohols as solvents and were used to assess the peculiar behaviour of another 15 orf/zo-substituents in respect of conformational effect and intramolecular hydrogen-bonding143,145. Flere we are concerned with assessing the situation for o-N02. We first give as an example the regression for 2-methoxyethanol as solvent ... 

An acid-catalyzed reaction was carried out using methyl cellosolve (2-methoxyethanol) as the solvent. When the... 

Organic solvents, which induce CYP2E1, are comprised of a few broad chemical classes, including hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene, halogenated aliphatic compounds such as carbon tetrachloride and dichloroethane, aliphatic alcohols such as ethanol, and hydroxyethers such as 2-methoxyethanol. Industrial solvents are frequently mixtures of several compounds. The most frequent solvent-associated toxicity occurs from occupational exposure. A number of organic solvents have been examined for their effects on the immune system, and the requirement for their bioactivation to produce immunotoxicity has been well established. 

Because of their beneficial solubilizing characteristics and role in promoting desired reactions, solvents such as 2-methoxyethanol have become widely employed in CSD processes. It should be noted, however, that such compounds frequently demonstrate adverse effects. For example, 2-methoxyethanol is a known teratogen. The reader is encouraged to always review the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the selected solvent and starting reagents. These sheets are typically provided by the commercial vendor at the time of purchase. 

With 6 equiv. of 1, this selectivity was even increased because of the relative lower amount of the triether (Table 10). Nevertheless, experiments have been performed with 2-methoxyethanol, methylisobutylketone, and ethyl acetate as a supplementary co-solvent. While ethyl acetate is not suitable, good sugar conversion was achieved in the presence of the two other co-solvents, even using a low excess (3 equiv.) of 1. Switching to EtN(/-Pr)2 as the base reduced the sugar conversion but raised the monoether selectivity up to 97%. 

The properties, crystal habit, and x-ray pattern of tungsten(IV) dichloride oxide are very similar to those of molybdenum(IV) dichloride oxide.8 Stoichiometric tungsten(IV) dichloride oxide, which forms gold-brown needles, is stable under atmospheric conditions and is not attacked by water, dilute or concentrated cold acids, ammonia, or organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, chloroform, and diethyl ether. However, it decomposes in a solution of sodium hydroxide and forms a black precipitate, which disappears when hydrogen peroxide is added and yields a clear, yellow solution. The density of tungsten(IV) dichloride oxide, determined pycnometrically as previously mentioned, is 5.92 g./cc. 

Ru3(CO)12 in benzene [33], in toluene [34], in acetic or propionic acid [31], or in decalin [35], or RuC13 in DEGE [36-38] or glycol and formaldehyde [39] have also been used. Tsutsui s protocol using Ru3(CO)12 [33] was frequently mentioned [40-43]. Boiling for 22 to 60 h was necessary in most cases. Only the use of 2-methoxyethanol [44] or decalin [35] as a solvent appears to have been a notable improvement because a reduction of the reaction time to 4 to 5 h in some cases was achieved. 

Solvent manufacturer Honeywell Burdick Jackson [39] defines solvents as miscible if the two components can be mixed together in all proportions without forming two separate phases. A solvent miscibility chart (Figure 2.12) is a useful aid for determining which solvent pairs are immiscible and would therefore be potential candidates for use in LLE. More solvent combinations are miscible than immiscible, and more solvents are immiscible with water than with any other solvent. Solvents miscible with water in all proportions include acetone, acetonitrile, dimethyl acetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, ethyl alcohol, glyme, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, 2-methoxyethanol, /V-methyI pyitoI idone. n-propyl alcohol, pyridine, tetrahydrofuran, and trifluoroacetic acid [40]. 

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