Titanium particles

Liposomes (SUVs) were prepared by probe sonication according to standard procedures (31) in the presence of STPP. A mixture of lecithin, cholesterol, and STPP (PC/Ch/STPP = 65/15/20, molar ratio final total lipid 25 mg/ mL) was dissolved in chloroform followed by removal of the organic solvent using a rotary evaporator. After adding 5 mM HEPES (pH 7.4) to the dry lipid film, the sample was probe sonicated with a Sonic Dismembrator (Model 100, Fischer Scientific) at a power output of approximately 10 W for 30 minutes. To remove any titanium particles, which have been shed from the tip of the probe during sonication, the sample was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 3000 X g. The formed liposomes were separated from free, i.e., nonincorporated, STPP by gel filtration chromatography on a Sephadex G-15 column. 

On ignition of the firework a reaction zone moves down the pressed composition and the components of the gunpowder react producing heat and hot gases. The latter entrain the titanium particles and eject them from the firework tube. During this process the metal particles are... 

Lee S-H, Brennan FR, Jacobs JJ, et al. 1997. Human monocyte/macrophage response to cobalt-chromium corrosion products and titanium particles in patients with total joint replacements. J Orthop Res 15 40-49. 

Fusarium oxysporum (fungus) Silica and titanium particles (SiFJ and TiFJ ) Extracellular Bansal et al. (2005)... 

Several characteristic ratios of heterogeneity as functions of titanium particle size and sample porosity are shown in Figs. 75a and b, respectively. For the quasi-homogeneous approximation to be valid, the heterogeneity of the reactant medium should be small in comparison to the thermal length scale. As a result, the heterogeneity of the combustion front (shape and propagation) should also be small relative to the macroscopic behavior ... 

Fig. 75. Characteristic ratios of heterogeneity in the 5Ti-3Si system as functions of (a) titanium particle size (b) initial sample porosity (Adapted from Mukasyan etal., 1996).

The liposome preparations were then centrifuged at 10,000x for 10 min to remove the titanium particles originating from the probe. 

Sonicate at a power output of approximately 10 Watts for 30 min. To remove any titanium particles which have leaked from the probe during sonication, centrifuge the sample for 10 min at about 3,000x. ... 

It should be avoided from overheating of the lipid suspension causing degradation. Sonication tips also tend to release titanium particles into the lipid suspension which must be removed by centrifugation prior to use. 

Blaine TA, Rosier RN, Puzas JE> et al. Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-6 protein and messenger RNA in human peripheral blood monocytes due to titanium particles. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996 78 1181-92. 

Centrifuge the sonicated preparation at 105,000, for 1 h at 5°C to effect the removal of titanium particles as well as poorly dispersed lipids. Use only the top two-thirds of the supernatant (see Note 10). 

Great care must be taken not to leave any titanium particles from the preparation because they are very toxic. 

Whitish sparks produced by a comet containing titanium particles. 

The easy ignitability and uninhibited combustion of titanium is largely due to its ability to dissolve sizeable amounts of oxygen as a solid solution without the formation of a second phase. Data have also been published on the size dependence of the burning time of titanium particles in an oxygen-rich medium according to equation (5.4),... 

TITANIUM SPARKS (See color insert following page 112) A titanium fountain uses relatively coarse titanium particles blended into a moderately fast-burning pyrotechnic composition to produce a beautiful spray of white sparks. This type of fountain effect is widely used in the fireworks industry as well as in theatrical pyrotechnical articles (special effects) for stage presentations. (Photo by Tim Wade and Dennis King, courtesy of MP Associates.)... 

Devices producing a whistle-like effect have since found uses both in the civilian arena for fireworks effects and in military applications for simulators used in training exercises to simulate incoming rounds. Titanium particles (in particle sizes greater than 100 mesh) can be added in low (5% or so) amounts to a whistle composition to produce a spark effect to accompany the audible output. 

Biopsy specimens from 17 mandibular fracture sites treated by open reduction with titanium in 12 patients showed doublelayered connective tissue, which consisted of dense fibrous connective tissue and relatively loose connective tissue containing proliferated blood vessels with hypertrophied endothelial cells [78 ]. The vascular endothelial cells expressed HLA-DR, CD54, and CD62P antigens in some cases they were CD62E-positive. CD68-positive, and CDllc-positive round or spindle-shaped macrophages had infiltrated around the small vessels and contained fine cytoplasmic titanium particles. In some cases CD4- - and CD8-y T lymphocytes had infiltrated around venules. 

---