Titanium chloride, reduction

These facts would suggest that die electrolysis of molten alkali metal salts could lead to the inuoduction of mobile elecU ons which can diffuse rapidly through a melt, and any chemical reduction process resulting from a high chemical potential of the alkali metal could occur in the body of the melt, rather than being conhned to the cathode volume. This probably explains the failure of attempts to produce tire refractoty elements, such as titanium, by elecU olysis of a molten sodium chloride-titanium chloride melt, in which a metal dust is formed in the bulk of the elecU olyte. 

Another chloride reduction process, originally developed by Hunter for titanium tetrachloride and known by his name, uses sodium as the reductant. In this process liquid sodium and titanium tetrachloride are simultaneously metered into a steel retort under an argon atmosphere. The highly exothermic reduction reaction... 

Solutions of low-valence titanium chloride (titanium dichloride) are prepared in situ by reduction of solutions of titanium trichloride in tetrahydrofuran or 1,2-dimethoxyethane with lithium aluminum hydride [204, 205], with lithium or potassium [206], with magnesium [207, 208] or with a zinc-copper couple [209,210]. Such solutions effect hydrogenolysis of halogens [208], deoxygenation of epoxides [204] and reduction of aldehydes and ketones to alkenes [205,... 

For the reduction to pinacols aluminum amalgam [825] or low valence state titanium chloride [207] were used. Under different conditions the titanium... 

As noted earlier, most classical antidepressant agents consist of propylamine derivatives of tricyclic aromatic compounds. The antidepressant molecule tametraline is thus notable in that it is built on a bicyclic nucleus that directly carries the amine substituent. Reaction of 4-phenyl-l-tetralone (18) (obtainable by Friedel-Crafts cyclization of 4,4-diphenyl butyric acid) with methyl amine in the presence of titanium chloride gives the corresponding Schiff base. Reduction by means of sodium borohydride affords the secondary amine as a mixture of cis (21) and trans (20) isomers. The latter is separated to afford the more active antidepressant of the pair, tametraline (20). 

Direct chemical reduction of titanium oxide, titanium chloride, titanium sulfate, or titanium hydride with carbon, nitrogen, or ammonia or by both carbon and nitrogen to form TiC, TiN and TiCN.3-6 Titanium nitride can also be prepared in a plasma jet from titanium tetrachloride and nitrogen.7... 

Titanium cesium alum, 6 50 Titanium (II) chloride from disproportionation of titanium (III) chloride, 6 56, 61 Titanium(III) chloride, 6 52, 57 Titanium (IV) chloride, reduction of, with hydrogen, 6 52, 57 Titanium complex compounds, cations, with acetylacetone, [Ti-(C.H. hTiCl, and [Ti(C6H7-0,),]FeCl , 2 119, 120 Titanium(IV) oxide, extraction of, from ilmenite, 5 79, 81 to titanium powder with calcium, 6 47... 

ZrCl has a homoatomic-layer structure sequenced Cl-Zr-Zr-Cl. Each Zr atom has three neighbours in the adjacent sheet at 3.09 A, six more in the same sheet at 3.42 A and three chlorine atoms on the other side at 2.63 A. Weak chlorine-chlorine interactions between sheets at 3.61 A contrast with the strong metal-metal binding within sheets. These structural features account for the graphitic nature and anisotropic electrical conduction of ZrS. Thermodynamic parameters have been obtained for the reduction of zirconium chlorides. The reaction of ZrC with a melt containing alkali-metal chlorides and titanium chlorides has been investigated. ... 

Nitrogen-13-labeled ammonia (ty2 = 10 min) is produced by reduction of 13N-labeled nitrates and nitrites that are produced by proton irradiation of water in a cyclotron. The reduction is carried out with titanium chloride in alkaline medium. 13N-NH3 is then distilled and finally trapped in acidic saline solution. Wester et al (1991) has used a pressurized target of aqueous ethanol, in which ethanol acts as a hydroxyl free radical scavenger to improve the... 

Aqueous titanium (III) chloride reductively removes cyano and halo groups from substituted pyridines by a two-electron process and promotes reduction of pyridyl ketones and aldehydes to glycols by a one-electron-transfer process.49 a useful review of the reactions of halopyridines with lithiating reagents is now available.50 Choice of reaction conditions can be critical thus, depending on the conditions, 3-fluoropyridine can be converted into either 2- or 4-lithio-3-fluoropyridine and therefore be used as a precursor of both 2,3- and 3,4- disubstituted pyridines. 

Synthesis of 3-substituted benzo[fc]furans was realized from a combination of benzotiiazole chloride mediated intramolecular cyclization and low-valent titanium promoted reduction. Thus, the sodium salt of 2-hydroxybenzophenone was first allowed to react with a 1-benzotriazol-l-ylalkyl chloride to give a ketone which was cyclized by LDA. Eventually, A titanium promoted elimination led to the desired 3-phenylbenzo(I>]furan in good yield <01JOC5613>. 

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