Electrical conductivity anisotropic

Dioximes form bis complexes (35) where the ligand normally chelates through the nitrogen atoms.251-253 Detailed studies have been made of the partially oxidized compounds obtained from reaction of bis(diphenylglyoximato)- and bis(benzoquinone dioximato)-palladium with iodine254,255 and bromine.256 These complexes contain polyhalide anions and possess the high anisotropic electrical conductivity associated with many complexes which crystallize as stacked molecular units.257... 

One potential application of the work on oriented nematic phases of rodlike molecules is to solutions containing cylindrical micelles. Orientation could be achieved by a shear field or perhaps by an electric field. Gotz and Heckman (9) confirmed the existence of anisotropic electrical conductivity for a concentrated surfactant solution in a shear field. They used their results to show that the solution contained cylindrical rather than platelike micelles. Of course, the magnitude of the electrical conductivity in an aqueous micellar solution should be quite different from that in the nematic phase of an organic material. So the conditions for and types of electrohydrodynamic instabilities could be different as well. 

ZrCl has a homoatomic-layer structure sequenced Cl-Zr-Zr-Cl. Each Zr atom has three neighbours in the adjacent sheet at 3.09 A, six more in the same sheet at 3.42 A and three chlorine atoms on the other side at 2.63 A. Weak chlorine-chlorine interactions between sheets at 3.61 A contrast with the strong metal-metal binding within sheets. These structural features account for the graphitic nature and anisotropic electrical conduction of ZrS. Thermodynamic parameters have been obtained for the reduction of zirconium chlorides. The reaction of ZrC with a melt containing alkali-metal chlorides and titanium chlorides has been investigated. ... 

In planar transition metal complexes, the interactions among the metal and ligand tt orbitals which occur within these stacks can provide a continuous pathway for electron delocalization along one direction in the solid which is detectable as anisotropic electrical conductivity. Such effectively one-dimensional solid-state interactions can result in unique properties and property combinations. 

In the manufacture of smart cards, microprocessor chips, memory chips, EEPROMs or combinations in flip- chip configuration are electrically bonded onto the circuit card using anisotropic electrically conductive paste or film adhesive (see Chapter 1). Smart cards may be contact or contactless types. In contact cards, the electrical contacts of the card connect to a card reader when the card is inserted. Contactless cards transfer data in proximity to a reader (www.smartcard.gov) without physical contact. 

Part II surveys the inorganic materials which exhibit or potentially exhibit a columnar structure. Emphasis is placed on square planar third-row transition metal complexes which exhibit the properties of anisotropic electrical conductivity and the first-row transition metal complexes which exhibit anisotropic cooperative magnetic behavior. The measured chemical and physical properties of the known one-dimensional inorganic complexes are summarized and a number of potentially one-dimensional materials are surveyed. The known one-dimensional magnetic systems are then presented. An extensive reference list including citations through the beginning of 1975 is included to make it easy for the reader to go further into areas of his particular interest. 

Subsequently, we focus on LC polythienylenevinylene (PTV) derivatives with CB or PCH groups at the 3-position of the thiophene ring [26-30], in addition to LC-PT. Both types of polymers showed enantiotropic smectic phases and also exhibited fluorescence with greenish yellow and/or green colors. We report linearly dichroic optical properties and anisotropic electrical conductivities of LC-PTs and LC-PTVs after macroscopic alignment under a magnetic field [22-30, 44-46]. 

In summary, LC-PTs and LC-PTVs were macroscopically aligned under a magnetic fleld. All polymers showed dichroic fluorescence and anisotropic electrical conductivity, suggesting that both LC-PTs and LC-PTVS might be advanced materials with linearly polarized fluorescence. 

The electro-optic effects described above all refer to director reorientation induced through the dielectric properties (Af) of the polymer. If, however, a change in the optical properties is induced by a current flow resulting from the anisotropic electrical conductivity (A a) of the material, then the so-called electro-hydrodynamic effects are observed. ... 

Lanticse L J, Tanabe Y, Matsui K, Kaburagi Y, Suda K, Hoteida M, Endo M and Yasuda E (2006) Shear-induced preferential alignment of carbon nanotubes resulted in anisotropic electrical conductivity of polymer composites. Carbon 44 3078-3086. 

Anisotropic electrical conductivity in carbon nanotube-containing electrospun nanofibers investigated. 

Electrohydrodynamic effects in liquid crystals are connected with an electrical current and a mechanical fluid flow. Consequently, the anisotropic electric conductivity and the various viscosity parameters play an important role. 

C. Anisotropic Electric Conductivity in Cast Poiyion Compiex Fiim... 

Figure 8 Anisotropic electric conduction in the stretched DNA film complexed with cationic amphiphiles. A schematic illustration of the stretched film is shown in Fig. 6(b).

Organometallic mesogens are currently a rich area of academic research. Potentially, they could provide materials with increased anisotropic magnetic susceptibility. This may allow devices that are magnetically rather than electrically addressed. They may also exhibit anisotropic electrical conductivity. Their use as pleochroic infrared dyes has been limited because of low solubility and stability. 

Ahadian, S., et al., 2014. Hybrid hydrogels containing vertically aligned carbon nanotubes with anisotropic electrical conductivity for muscle myoflber fabrication. Scientific Reports 4, 4271. Available at http //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi artid=3958721 tool=pmcentrez rendertype=abstract (accessed 04.04.14.). 

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