Tissue pulsed electric fields

Vorobiev, E. and Lebovka, N. 2008. Pulsed electric fields induced effects in plant tissues fundamental aspects and perspectives of application. In E. Vorobiev, N. Lebovka (Eds.),... 

The application of an external pulsed electric field (PEF), the induced local structural changes of the cell membrane, and also the increase in permeability due to the appearance of permanent membrane pores were found to positively affect any subsequent drying processes of porous plant materials. PEF provides an alternative to the mechanical, thermal or enzymatic cell disintegration of plant tissue, providing a short-term (milliseconds), low-energy pretreatment (<10kJkg-Y... 

Pulsed electric field disintegration of the cell membrane of biological tissue as a pretreatment prior to freezing, with its impact on freezing and freeze-drying characteristics. 

Amami, E., Fersi, A., Khezami, L., Vorobiev, E., Kechaou, N., 2007. Centrifugal osmotic dehydration and rehydration of carrot tissue pre-treated by pulsed electric field. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. Res. 40 1156-1166. 

Bazhal, M. I., Ngadi, M. O., Raghavan, G. S. V., Nguyen, D. H., 2003. Textural changes in apple tissue during pulsed electric field treatment. J. Food Sci. 68 249-253. 

Ben Ammar, (., Lanoiselle, J.-L, Lebovka, N., van Hecke, E., Vorobiev, E., 2010. Effect of a pulsed electric field and osmotic treatment on freezing of potato tissue. Food Biophys. 5 247-254. 

Fincan, M., Dejmek, P., 2002. In situ visualization of the effect of a pulsed electric field on plant tissue. J. Food Eng. 55 223-230. 

Grimi, N., Mamouni, F., Lebovka, N., Vorobiev, E., Vaxelaire, J., 2010. Acoustic impulse response in apple tissues treated by pulsed electric field. Biosystems Eng. 105 266—272. 

Lebovka, N. L, Bazhal, M Vorobiev, E 2001. Pulsed electric field breakage of cellular tissues Visualisation of percolative properties. Innovative Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 2 113-125. 

Lebovka, N. I., Shynkaryk, N. V., Vorobiev, E 2007. Pulsed electric field enhanced drying of potato tissue. J. Food Er g. 78 606-613. 

P 2009. Effects of pulsed electric field on the viscoelastic properties of potato tissue. Food Biophys. 4 229-239. 

Wiktor, A., Iwaniuk, M., Sledz, M., Nowacka, M., Chudoba, X, Witrowa-Rajchert, D., 2013. Drying kinetics of apple tissue treated by pulsed electric field. Drying Technol. 31 112-119. 

Domenburg, H. and Knorr, D. 1993. Cellular permeabilization of cultured plant tissue by high electric field pulse and ultra high pressure for recovery of secondary metabolites. Food Biotechnology 7 35 8. 

During electroporation, cells or tissues are exposed to an electric field with high voltage (up to 1 kV). Short, rapid pulses cause transient membrane instability and the formation of pores with a mean lifetime of minutes [30]. Soluble DNA constructs that have been added to the culture medium or injected into the tissue may thereby enter the cell and ultimately reach the nucleus. The basic principle is also known to pharmacists as iontophoresis and is used for transdermal drug apphcation [31]. This gene transfection method has so far been well accepted by patients and is safe, especially due to the low risk of infection. To date, mainly liver, muscle, and skin cells have been transformed this way, mostly via the transdermal route [32]. 

However, the effects of single and periodical electric field pulses on cell - as well as magnetic influences on tissues - have been studied intensively only recently, because of its importance for good engineering, biotechnology, and medicine. The reason this this, are the new possibilities of pulses causing ... 

Tunable electrodes will be the way of the future. Using electrodes with multiple contacts through which electric fields in the tissue space can be shaped will enable purveyors of neural prostheses to electronically adjust or improve the efficacy without physically moving the electrode relative to the target tissue. These techniques, field steering, will likely utilize both anodic and cathodic first pulse paradigms. 

The treatment involves the application of very short electric pulses (1-100 ps) at electric field intensities in the range of 0.1-1 kVcm for the reversible permeabilization by means of stress induction in plant cells, 0.5-3 kVcm for the irreversible permeabilization of plant and animal tissues, and 15—40kVcm for the irreversible permeabilization of microbial cells. The aforementioned field intensities lead to the formation of a critical transmembrane potential, which is regarded as being the precondition for cell membrane breakdown and electroporation (Tsong, 1996). 

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