Cognate protein

Guidon, P.T.J. Hightower, L.E. (1986). The 73 kD heat shock cognate protein purified from rat brain contains nonesterified palmitic and stearic acids. J. Cell. Physiol. 128,239-245. 

Although most mRNAs in mammalian cells are very stable (half-lives measured in hours), some mrn over very rapidly (half-lives of 10-30 minutes). In certain instances, mRNA stability is subject to regulation. This has important implications since there is usually a direct relationship between mRNA amount and the translation of that mRNA into its cognate protein. Changes in the stability of a specific mRNA can therefore have major effects on biologic processes. 

Polyclonal antisera are usually prepared either from isolated antigens, such as proteins or from synthetic peptides derived from the protein sequence. The antisera derived from small synthetic peptides are regio-specific with respect to the cognate protein and resemble in some way the monoclonal antibodies, but they are much easier to prepare. 

Of particular inferesf was the observed strong correlation obtained between STC2 mRNA levels and its cognate protein levels. Using tissue microarrays from 216 breasf tumor samples, in situ hybridization with a probe to STC2 mRNA was performed wifh 75 tumors and showed positive staining 83% of fhe mRNA-positive tumors identified for STC2 protein by... 

Since the cognate protein is now covalently linked to the aptamer, nonspecific protein can be extensively washed from the array under harsh conditions. With the ability to substantially reduce the background, the array can be read with greater sensitivity. Since only the cognate protein remains after the rinse, it is possible to use general protein staining reagents for detection. 

Ohba, M. A 70-kDa heat shock cognate protein suppresses the defects caused by a proteasome mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 351 263-6.1994. 

Knittler MR, Dirks S, Haas IG (1995) Molecular chaperones involved in protein degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum quantitative interaction of the heat shock cognate protein BiP with partially folded immunoglobulin light chains that are degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum. Proc Natl Acad Sd USA 92 1764-1768... 

A further example of inhibitor proteins is the protein kinases and the cognate protein kinase inhibitors. The activity of protein kinases in the cell cycle are controlled via the association with inhibitor proteins. The basic mechanism and the goals of this phenomenon will be discussed in detail in chapters 7 and 13. 

Hormones are usually produced by specialized cells and initiate a reaction in only a certain cell type. Only those cells that possess a cognate protein, the receptor of the hormone, can act as target cells. Receptors specifically recognize and bind the cognate hormone based on their chemical nature. The binding of the hormone to the receptor in the target cell induces an intracellular cascade of reactions at whose end lies a defined biochemical response. The pathway from receptor bound signaling molecule to final biochemical response is complex and occurs under the participation of many proteins. 

Flaherty, K. M., DeLuca-Flaherty, C., and McKay, D. B. (1990). Three-dimensional structure of the ATPase fragment of a 70 kilodalton heat shock cognate protein. Nature (London) 346, 623-628. 

K.M. Flaherty, D.B. McKay, W. Kabsch, and K.C. Holmes. 1991. Similarity of the three-dimensional structures of actin and the ATPase fragment of a 70-kDa heat shock cognate protein Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88 5041-5045. (PubMed) (Full Text in PMC)... 

Zeder-Lutz, G., Altschuh, D., Geysen, H. M., Trifilieff, E., Sommermeyer, G., Van and Rcgenmortel, M. H. V. Monoclonal antipeptide antibodies - Affinity and kinetic rate constants measured for the peptide and the cognate protein using a biosensor technology. Molec. Immunol. 1993, 30, 145-155. 

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