Time-resolved fluorescence applications

M. Kress, T. Meier, T.A.A. El-Tayeb, R. Kemkemer, R. Steiner, A. Riick, Short-pulsed diode lasers as an excitation source for time-resolved fluorescence applications and confocal laser scanning microscopy in PDT, Proc. SPIE 4431, 108-113 (2001)... 

ConnaUy R., D. Jin, J. Piper. BHHST An improved lanthanide chelate for time-resolved fluorescence applications, SPIE Proceedings, 5704, 93-104 (2005). 

Soini, E., and Lovgren, T. (1987) Time-resolved fluorescence of lanthanide probes and applications in biotechnology. CRC Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 18, 104-154. 

It is confirmed that the polymer matrix around ablated area was also affected strongly by laser ablation. The change of the matrix properties are brought about over a few tens of pin. This type of information is basically important and indispensable for practical applications such as excimer laser lithography. The time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy is one of the powerful characterization methods for ablated polymer matrix. 

Lakowicz J. R. and Szymacinski H. (1996) Imaging Applications of Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy, in Wang X. F. and Herman B. (Eds), Fluorescence Imaging Spectroscopy and Microscopy, Chemical Analysis Series, Vol. 137, John Wiley ... 

Neumann M., Herten D.-P. and Sauer M. (2001) New Techniques for DNA Sequencing Based on Diode Laser Excitation and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Detection, in Valeur B. and Brochon J. C. (Eds), New Trends in Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Applications to Chemical and Life Sciences, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 303-29. 

Emerging Biomedical Applications of Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy... 

The application of semiconductor lasers to a broad range of areas in spectrometry has recently been reviewed by Imasaka. 67, 68) Topics covered include photoacoustic, absorption, and thermal lens, as well as steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence. Patonay et al. have reviewed the application of diode lasers to analytical chemistry.(69) The performance of several commercially available laser diodes for fluorimetry has recently been compared. 70 ... 

Very recently, white light continuum pulses of duration ca. 200 fsec, pulse energy ca. 1 / J, and peak wavelength of ca. 780 nm have been generated at repetition rates up to 250 kHz by commercially available Ti sapphire regenerative amplified laser systems. Such systems are very expensive, but the expected easier use, as compared with homemade systems, should open up new research applications for time-resolved fluorescence and absorption techniques in the near-IR. 

The operation and application of streak cameras in fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy has been reviewed previously (see, e.g., Refs. 91 and 92). Streak cameras are useful in 2-D time-resolved imaging applications such as microscopy or multiwavelength array fluorometry. The operating principle is based on converting an optical pulse into a photoelectron pulse and spatially dispersing the electron image on a phosphor by means of a synchronized deflection voltage across two plates. 

E. P. Diamindis, Immunoassays with time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy Principles and applications, Clin. Biochem. 21, 139-150(1988). 

E. P. Diamandis and R. C. Morton, Time-resolved fluorescence using a europium chelate of 4,7-bis(chlorosulfophenyl)-l,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid (BCPDA). Labelling procedures and applications in immunoassays, J. Immunol. Methods 112, 43-52 (1988). 

Volume 4 is intended to summarize the principles required for these biomedical applications of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. For this reason, many of the chapters describe the development of red/NIR probes and the mechanisms by which analytes interact with the probes and produce spectral changes. Other chapters describe the unique opportunities of red/NIR fluorescence and the types of instruments suitable for such measurements. Also included is a description of the principles of chemical sensing based on lifetimes, and an overview of the ever-important topic of immunoassays. 

The broad field of nucleic acid structure and dynamics has undergone remarkable development during the past decade. Especially in regard to dynamics, modem fluorescence methods have yielded some of the most important advances. This chapter concerns primarily the application of time-resolved fluorescence techniques to study the dynamics of nucleic acid/dye complexes, and the inferences regarding rotational mobilities, deformation potentials, and alternate structures of nucleic acids that follow from such experiments. Emphasis is mainly on the use of time-resolved fluorescence polarization anisotropy (FPA), although results obtained using other techniques are also noted. This chapter is devoted mainly to free DNAs and tRNAs, but DNAs in nucleosomes, chromatin, viruses, and sperm are also briefly discussed. 

In addition to fluorescence intensity and polarization, fluorescence spectroscopy also includes measurement of the lifetime of the excited state. Recent improvements in the design of fluorescence instrumentation for measuring fluorescence lifetime have permitted additional applications of fluorescence techniques to immunoassays. Fluorescence lifetime measurement can be performed by either phase-resolved or time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. 

In the past ten years, numerous applications of fluorescence methods for monitoring homogeneous and heterogeneous immunoassays have been reported. Advances in the design of fluorescent labels have prompted the development of various fluorescent immunoassay schemes such as the substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay and the fluorescence excitation transfer immunoassay. As sophisticated fluorescence instrumentation for lifetime measurement became available, the phase-resolved and time-resolved fluorescent immunoassays have also developed. With the current emphasis on satellite and physician s office testing, future innovations in fluorescence immunoassay development will be expected to center on the simplification of assay protocol and the development of solid-state miniaturized fluorescence readers for on-site testing. 

C. Application 1 Femtosecond Time-Resolved Fluorescence from a... 

Ye ZQ, Tan MQ, Wang GL, Yuan JL (2004) Novel fluorescent europium chelate-doped silica nanoparticles preparation, characterization and time-resolved fluorometric application. J Mater Chem 14 851-856... 

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