Tidal river estuaries

River-dominated estuaries are formed in high river discharge regions where the valley is presently not drowned by the sea. The two subcategories are as follows (a) tidal river estuaries are associated with large rivers systems that are influenced by tidal action with the salt front usually not well developed at the mouth (b) delta-front estuaries are found in sections of deltas that are affected by tidal action and/or salt intrusion. 

Tidal river estuaries are associated with large rivers systems, influenced by tidal action with a salt front that is usually not well developed at the mouth. 

Although the technology required to harness tidal energy is well established, because tidal power is expensive there is only one major tidal generating station in operation in the world today. This is a 240-megawatt power plant at the mouth of the La Ranee River estuary on the northern coast of France, generating power roughly equal to the annual consumption of the nearby town of Rennes, which has a population of 200,000. 

Howarth, R. W., R. Schneider, and D. Swaney. 1996. Metabolism and organic carbon fluxes in the tidal freshwater Hudson River. Estuaries 19 848-865. 

Findlay, S., M. F. Pace, and D. Fischer. 1996. Spatial and temporal variability in the lower food web of the tidal freshwater Hudson River. Estuaries 19 866-873. 

Figure 3.9 Stratification-circulation diagrams used to describe a spectrum of circulation and geomorphometric types of estuaries that can be defined by stratification. Estuarine types are as follows Type 1 estuaries are those without upstream flow requiring tidal transport for salt balance Type 2 estuaries are partially mixed (e.g., Marrows of the Mersey (NM) (UK), James River (J) (USA), Columbia River estuary (C) (USA) Type 3 estuaries are representative of fjords [e.g., Siver Bay (S), Strait of Juan de Fuca (JF) (USA)] and Type 4 estuaries indicative of salt wedge estuaries [e.g., Mississippi River (M) (USA)]. The basic classification parameters are as follows the stratification is defined by SS/Sq where SS is the difference in the salinity between surface and bottom water and So is the mean-depth salinity, both averaged over a tidal cycle and Us/Uf, where U is the surface velocity (averaged over a tidal cycle) and Uf is the vertically averaged net outflow. The subdivisions a and b represent values where SS/Sq <0.1 and SS/Sq >0.1, respectively subscripts h and 1 refer to high and low river flow. The curved line at the top represents the limit of surface freshwater outflow. (From Hansen and Rattray, 1966, as modified by Jay et al., 2000, with permission.)...

Inner estuaries main channel Yaquina and Alsea (Oregon, USA) Hudson tidal river (New York, USA) Bodden (Germany)... 

Fain, A.M., Jay, D.A., Wilson, D., Orton, P.M., and Baptista, A.M. (2001) Seasonal and tidal monthly patterns of particulate matter dynamics in the Columbia River estuary. Estuaries 24, 770-786. 

Neubauer, S.C., and Anderson, I.C. (2003) Transport of dissolved inorganic carbon from a tidal freshwater marsh to the York River estuary. Limnol. Oceanogr. 48, 299-307. 

Wells, J.T. (1995) Tide-dominated estuaries and tidal rivers. In Geomorphology and Sedimentology of Estuaries. Developments in Sedimentology 53 (Perillo, G.M.E., ed.), pp. 179-205, Elsevier Science, New York. 

Riedel GF, Sanders JG. 1998. Trace element speciation and behavior in the tidal Delaware River. Estuaries 21(l) 78-90. 

Biomes are a group of closely related ecosystems (see below). Terrestrial biomes include tundras, taigas, temperate forests, deserts, grasslands, and tropical rain forests. Major aquatic biomes are freshwater swamps, marshes and bogs, lakes and rivers, estuaries, inter-tidal zones, coastal oceans and open oceans. 

III. Coastal region, tidal regime Amazon River estuary 50 Mangrove, tidal... 

Simon, N. S., and Kennedy, M. M. (1987). The disribution of nitrogen species and adsorption of ammonium in sediments from the tidal Potomac River estuary. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sd. 25,11-26. 

Tides can also locally affect surface sediment distribution. Tides are particularly dominant in the East China Sea of the mouth of the Changjiang River and off southwestern Korea. In both instances tidal cmrents are sufficiently strong (l 2 knot(s)) to erode and transport sediments. The intrusion of the Taiwan Warm Water (TWW) between the Changjiang Coastal Water (CJCW) and the Jiangsu Coastal Water (JCW) results in a seaward transition from turbid (CJCW) to clear (TWW) to turbid (JCW) waters east of the Changjiang River Estuary. As a result, Changjiang River sediments tend to be transported to the south by the CJCW, while the sediments to the east of the TWW are predominantly Huanghe River sediments transported south by the JCW. 

Chen YLL (2005) Spatial and seasonal variations of nitrate-based new production and primary production in the South China Sea. Deep Sea Res I 52(2) 319-340 Chen ZL, Liu J, Xu SY, Wang DQ, Zheng XM (2005). Impact of macrofaunal activities on the DIN exchange at the sediment-water interface along the tidal flat of Yangtze River Estuary. Environ Sci 26(6) 43-50 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

Fig. 2.54. Schematic map of core sediments sampling stations in tidal zones of Bohai Bay. Cl Dagu Estuary C3 Duliujian Estuary C4 Qihe River Estuary (Qin et ah, 2006) (With permission from Qin YW)...

The average Pb content of smficial sediments from Tianjin Bohai Bay was 22.4 mg/kg and the maximmn content was found in tidal sediments from the Qihe River Estuary, which had an average Pb content of 34.9 mg/kg and doubled the corresponding upper limit for environmental backgroimd values (Table 2.23). The Cd content was higher in tidal sediments closer to the main... 

For a representative estuary, the Changjiang River Estuary can be divided into two sections, namely the inner and outer estuaries. The inner estuary is a region between the limit of the tidal influence and the river mouth the outer estuary is the plume of freshened water which floats on denser coastal seawater and can be traced miles away from the geographical mouth of the... 

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