Huanghe river

The Bohai Sea is surrounded by land to the north, west and south and is connected only to the Yellow Sea through the narrow Bohai Strait, approximately 90 km wide. Rivers empty into the Bohai Sea including the Huanghe River, Haihe River, Liaohe River, and Luanhe River. 

Decadal-average annual freshwater flux into the Bohai Sea was shown in Fig. 1.13 (Lin et al., 2001). Most of the rivers have been dammed for irrigation and municipal water supply for example, over the last two decades for many days in the year the Huanghe River discharged no water into the Bohai Sea, because of the constant withdrawal of water upstream along the river. 

Moreover, sedimentation affects the estuaries, the coastal zone and the sea enormously. This effect is specifically important at the Huanghe River delta. Here each year the coastline extends towards the sea 150 420 m and. 

Nearly 30 rivers run into the Yellow Sea, mainly including the Aprock River, the Han River, and the Keum River, and the Yellow Sea receives a vast amount of fresh water from both Chinese and Korean rivers, such as the Changjiang River, Huanghe River, Yalujiang River, Daliaohe River, and Haihe River of China and the Han River, Kum River, and Yeongsan River of Korea. 

Tides can also locally affect surface sediment distribution. Tides are particularly dominant in the East China Sea of the mouth of the Changjiang River and off southwestern Korea. In both instances tidal cmrents are sufficiently strong (l 2 knot(s)) to erode and transport sediments. The intrusion of the Taiwan Warm Water (TWW) between the Changjiang Coastal Water (CJCW) and the Jiangsu Coastal Water (JCW) results in a seaward transition from turbid (CJCW) to clear (TWW) to turbid (JCW) waters east of the Changjiang River Estuary. As a result, Changjiang River sediments tend to be transported to the south by the CJCW, while the sediments to the east of the TWW are predominantly Huanghe River sediments transported south by the JCW. 

The Huanghe River annually discharges 1.08x10 t of sediment into the Bohai Sea. A portion of this sediment load is then transported southward via the Yellow Sea Coastal Waters (YSCW) and the Jiangsu Coastal Waters (JCW) into the East China Sea. 

The greatest reduction rate of sulfate occurs in surface layer sediment interstitial waters, and it is regulated by the content of organic matter in sediment and influenced by the season. S with -2 state mainly results from the diffusion from sedimentary interstitial waters to overlying waters, the diffusing flux of HS in the Huanghe River Estuary regions reached 8.95 i,mol/(m -d) (Qiu et al., 1999). 

Li Y, Yu JJ (1999) Geochemical characteristics of phosphorus near the Huanghe River Estuary. Chin J Oceanol Limnol 17(4) 359-365 Li Y, Yu, ZM, Song XX (2006) Application of principal component analysis (PCA) for the estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in marine sediments. Environ Sci 27(1) 137-141 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

Song JM (2000b) Transferable phosphorus in sediments of the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent waters. Mar Sci 24(7) 42-45 (in Chinese with English abstract) Song JM (2000c) Marine Chemistry in China. China Ocean Press, Beijing, pp.l-210 (in Chinese)... 

Estuaries are known for significant supersaturation of CO2 with respect to the atmosphere. The value of Pco2 in the Huanghe River Estuary and... 

Fig. 2.17. Vertical profiles of OC in the Bohai Sea sediments. A Bohai Bay B Huanghe River Estuary C Liaodong Bay...

Fig. 2.18 showed the difference of OC in A, B, and C areas. In the sur-facial/subsurfacial layer, OC in B area is lower than in A and C areas. The terrestrial input in B area was mainly from the Huanghe River which is characterized by high silt content and a high sedimentary rate. The organic matter was deposited with lots of silts which led to the low OC contents in the B area. In addition, OC contents were similar in cm, 24 27 cm, 66 --72 cm, 126 132 cm, and 189 192 cm in B and C areas, which indicated a similar sedimentary environment in B and C areas. 

---