Thin film polarizer

Figure 1.9. The optical parametric amplifier (OPA). BS, beam splitter TFP, thin-film polarizer HWP, half-wave plate IMP, dichroic beam splitter or long wave pass filter F,...

Ih of passivation [17]. In this study, it was observed that after 1 h of passivation the amount of disorder increased sharply for a Cr content of the alloy between 14.7 and 16.5%. The effect of aging was tested only in ex-situ conditions and it was observed that it favors the (re)crystallization of the passive film for 18 and 21% Cr content [15]. The structural order observed in the passive film was consistent with the (0001) orientation of a-Cr203. In the case of pure Fe sputter-deposited thin films polarized at high anodic potentials in borate buffer solution, the same group reported long-range crystalline order in both ex-situ and in-situ conditions of examination [18]. 

Fig. 9.33 Schematic layout of the regenerative amplifier based on an active-mirror cryogenie cooled Yb YAG ceramic. TFPfj) and TFP(2) thin film polarizers, FR Faraday rotator, DM dichroie flat mirror (AR 750-1000 nm, HR 990-1170 nm), and Pockels cell Lasermetrics 5046E. Reproduced with permission from [261]. Copyright 2009, Elsevier...

Y. Bobrov, C. Cobb, P. Lazarev, et al.. Lyotropic thin film polarizers, SID Tech. Digest, 31, 1102 (2000). 

Fig. 2.27. Top view of the femtosecond pulse stretcher (Quantronix model 4822) and laser beam tracing. The pulse from the seed laser is stretched about 5000 times with the use of a diffractive grating mounted at Littrow incidence to reduce aberrations. To prevent optical feedback to the seed laser a Faraday rotator (FR) is used for optical isolation. A aperture TFP thin-film polarizer (by courtesy of Quantronix)...

Fig. 2.28. Top view of the amplifier cavity (Quantronix model RGA 4810). The KD P (KD2PO4) Pockels cell (PC, Medox Electro-Optics) has a dual function. First, it frustrates cavity lasing except for a brief time period when the seed pulse is accepted for amplification. Secondly, in combination with the thin-film polarizer (TFP), it also controls the injection of the seed pulse and extraction of the amplified pulse. The Pockels cell operates at IkHz. A photodetector is provided for intracavity power monitoring, which is necessary for adjusting the two time delays of the Pockels cell driver (by courtesy of Quantronix)...

Figure 4 (A) Basic circular polarization analyser. (B) Practical implementaticn currently used in ROA future instruments may use LC retarders and thin film polarizers.

E. Peeters, J. Lub, W. P. M. Nijssen, J. Steenbakkers, and D. J. Broer, Thin film polarizers by in-situ photo-polymerization of highly ordered guest-host systems. Euro Display 2005 Digest, p. 165 (2005). 

To simplify FECO evaluation, it is conmion practice to experimentally filter out one of the components by the use of a linear polarizer after the interferometer. Mica bireftingence can, however, be useftil to study thin films of birefringent molecules [49] between the surfaces. Rabinowitz [53] has presented an eigenvalue analysis of birefringence in the multiple beam interferometer. 

We are now in a position to calculate the reflections from multiple mterfaces using the simple example of a thin film of material of thickness d with refractive index n.2 sandwiched between a material of refractive index (where this is generally air witii n = ) deposited onto a substrate of refractive index [35, 36], This is depicted in figure Bl.26.9. The resulting reflectivities for p- and s-polarized light respectively are given by ... 

Reversed-phase columns are used to separate polar substances. Although in LC the stationary phase is a solid, it is necessary to bear in mind that there may be a thin film of liquid (e.g water) held on its surface, and this film will modify the behavior of sample components equilibrating between the mobile and stationary phases. A textbook on LC should be consulted for deeper discussion on such aspects. 

The real utility of d comes in the analysis of thin films. Consider a substrate of refractive index supporting a thin film of thickness d and refractive index in contact with an internal reflection element (the prism) of refractive index as shown in Figure 24. In this case, d depends on the polarization of the incident light beam and is given by... 

Numerous uses for PZT/PLZT thin films are under investigation. The device that, as of this writing, is closest to commercialization is a nonvolatile memory. This device, which utilizes a ferroelectric thin-film capacitor integrated onto siUcon circuitry, provides memory retention when the power is off because of the polarization retention of the ferroelectric capacitor. One and zero memory states arise from the two polarization states, — and +F, of the ferroelectric. Because PZT is radiation-hard, the devices are also of interest for military and space appHcations. 

Many fluids of natural origin contain detectable quantities of high molecular weight organic anions, such as those from humic, fulvic, and tannic acids, which can be carried to and deposited on AX membranes. Such deposits can behave as thin films partially selective to cations (6). The iaterfaces between such films and the undedyiag AX membranes then act as very thin stagnant depletion compartments and the AX membranes may exhibit polarization at current densities that are much lower than would be expected for new membranes ia the abseace of such anioas. 

Figure 8.1. (a) Spherulites growing in a thin film of isotactic polystyrene, seen by optical microscopy with crossed polars (from Bassett 1981, after Keith 196.3). (b) A common sequence of forms leading to sphertililic growth (after Bassett 1981). The fibres consist of zigzag polymer chains. 

In order to understand RAIR spectroscopy, it is convenient to model the experiment (see Fig. 4). Consider a thin film with refractive index n =n ik and thickness d supported by a reflecting substrate with refractive index ni = ri2 — iki- The refractive index of the ambient atmosphere is o- Infrared radiation impinges on the film at an angle of incidence of 6 . The incident radiation can be polarized parallel to or perpendicular to the plane of incidence. 

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