Thickeners cellulose nitrate

Cellulosics. CeUulosic adhesives are obtained by modification of cellulose [9004-34-6] (qv) which comes from cotton linters and wood pulp. Cellulose can be nitrated to provide cellulose nitrate [9004-70-0] which is soluble in organic solvents. When cellulose nitrate is dissolved in amyl acetate [628-63-7] for example, a general purpose solvent-based adhesive which is both waterproof and flexible is formed. Cellulose esterification leads to materials such as cellulose acetate [9004-35-7], which has been used as a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape backing. Cellulose can also be ethoxylated, providing hydroxyethylceUulose which is useful as a thickening agent for poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion adhesives. Etherification leads to materials such as methylceUulose [9004-67-5] which are soluble in water and can be modified with glyceral [56-81-5] to produce adhesives used as wallpaper paste (see Cellulose esters Cellulose ethers). 

Audemars produced the first fibre in 1855 while experimenting with cellulose nitrate solution in either alcohol mixture. Hughes obtained a patent for making like thread from starch thickened with glue and resins, by about the sometime. 

A free flowing monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGD) stabilised with 0.1% hydroquinone is thickened with 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 14.0 and 16.0% of methyacrylate butadiene styrene (MBS). Two further samples of the same monomer are thickened with similar increasing concentrations of cellulose nitrate (CN) and silicone dioxide (SiCh) for comparison. An accurate weight of 10.0 g of each thickened monomer is dissolved in 25% n-propanol and 75% glacial acetic acid. Then 0.25 ml of 1000 ppm Zn metal stock standard solution is added to each mixture. These solutions are also spiked with 0.5 ml of 1000 ppm indium (In) metal as internal standard. All mixtures are diluted to mark with the 25% n-propanol/glacial acetic acid. The mixtures contain 2.5 ppm Zn and 5.0ppm In per ml. 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes Uses Emulsifier for lotions, soft creams, makeup, paints, adhesives emollient, emulsifier, vise, builder for cosmetics humectant in dry skin prods. plasticizer for cellulose nitrate solvent for paints/coatings, industrial applies. polyester and alkyd resins antifreeze coolant heat transfer fluid deicing fluid detergents and surfactants bactericide food additive, emulsifier, stabilizer, emulsion stabilizer, defoamer, vise, builder pharmaceutical surfactant, dispersant, emulsifier, solubilizer, lubricant, humectant, excipient, thickener, vehicle in food-pkg. adhesives in resinous/polymeric food-contact coatings defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard in food-contact textiles Features Lipophilic... 

The nitration of cellulose became a base for a laige number of empirical efforts to modify cellulose. Louis Menard discovered that tetranitrated cellulose could be dissolved in a mixture of diethyl ether and ethanol (3,4). He labeled the resulting thickened liquid collodion. In the mid 1860 s, John W. Hyatt mixed collodion and camphor (S) to form a hard brittle material he called celluloid. In 1875, Allied Nobel announced the development of blasting gelatin, a combination of collodion and nitrogylcerin. A development which lead to several artificial fabrics occurred when Hilaire de Chaidoimet announced spun cellulose nitrate fabric at the Paris Exhibition in 1889 (6). The material was too flammable to be practical but lead to the development of reprecipitated cellulose, rayon, and cellulose acetate, a common fiber and plastic. 

The first examples of thickened cyanoacrylate adhesives were described by Coover and Shearer in a U.S. Patent. The thickeners cited and claimed were polyalkyl cyanoacrylates, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, cellulose nitrate, and cellulose organic acid esters, such as cellulose acetate butyrate. Several years later. Wicker and Shearer improved the process for thickening cyanoacrylates. Instead of adding the thickener directly to the monomer, the thickener was first dissolved in a volatile solvent and then added to the ester. The solvent was then vacuum stripped to give the thickened adhesive. The authors claimed that this process gave adhesives having better clarity, better storage stability, and faster cure speed than adhesives prepared by the older method. 

Inorganic pigment dispersant— photographic films Emulsifier—latex polymerization Ag halide emulsion stabilizer Thickeners, emulsifiers Cellulose nitrate latex stabilizer Inorganic pigments dispersant— photocopying Textile finishes dispersant Dispersant, thickeners polyamide dyes... 

As a result, viscosity modification, through the use of various soluble polymeric thickeners, represented the first attempt to modify the liquid properties of cyanoacrylates. Thickeners and fillers must be compatible with the cyanoacrylates and must not set off the easily triggered anionic cure. Polymers which have been used to increase the base viscosity of the monomers include polymethacrylates (the most common), poly acrylates, poly cyanoacrylates, poly vinylacetates, baked polyacrylics, poly lactic acid, cellulose nitrates and other esters such... 

CA 66, 39497e(1967) An aerated aqueous expl compn of improved sensitivity and regulated d and expl strength was provided by passing compressed air into a slurry contg 20—75% oxidizer (such as nitrates and perchlorates of NHa, K, Na, Ca, Ba, etc), 4—35% water, 4—60% sensitizer (such as TNT, Pentolite, PETN, smokeless propint, RDX or Tetryl ),A1 and Mg, 0.5—2.0% thickener (such as gaar gum, CM-cellulose starch), 0.6—5.0% surfactant [such as diethano lam ides of coconut lauric acids, triethanolamine salts, alkyl-poly (oxyethylene)s, arylalkylsulfonates mixed dimethylamine oxides]. Presence of... 

Aside from the sensitizers described above, nitrate and ammonium nitrate can also be employed as explosive sensitizer for nitromethane. In addition, adding metal powder (e.g., A1 powder) into nitromethane can increase the corresponding explosion energy and detonation sensitivity. To prevent potential separation of solid components, nitrocellulose or cellulose acetate may be used as thickener [40, 41]. 

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