Cyanoacrylates poly

Poly(methyl a-cyanoacrylate) Poly(4-methyl-1 -pentene)... 

Methoxypropyl cyanoacrylate/poly(trioxyethylene oxalate) tissue adhesive provides an alternative to the traditional methods of wound closure. 

Polyfalkyl methacrylate) Polytalkyl cyanoacrylate) Poly(styrene)... 

Lu Z. Coaxial nanotubes from poly(ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate)/poly(p-xylylene) conformal coatings via vapor deposition. Nano 2010 5 (03) 149-60. 

Poly(methyl cyanoacrylate) Poly]l- (methoxycarbonyl)-l -cyano ethylene] 25067- 29-2 165 1.49... 

As a result, viscosity modification, through the use of various soluble polymeric thickeners, represented the first attempt to modify the liquid properties of cyanoacrylates. Thickeners and fillers must be compatible with the cyanoacrylates and must not set off the easily triggered anionic cure. Polymers which have been used to increase the base viscosity of the monomers include polymethacrylates (the most common), poly acrylates, poly cyanoacrylates, poly vinylacetates, baked polyacrylics, poly lactic acid, cellulose nitrates and other esters such... 

Poly(methyl cl-cyanoacrylate) Poly(methyl cc-fluoroaciylate)... 

Hot melt Cyanoacrylate Poly(vinyl acetate) latex (white glue) Oleoresinous varnish... 

Tetraethylene glycol may be used direcdy as a plasticizer or modified by esterification with fatty acids to produce plasticizers (qv). Tetraethylene glycol is used directly to plasticize separation membranes, such as siHcone mbber, poly(vinyl acetate), and ceUulose triacetate. Ceramic materials utilize tetraethylene glycol as plasticizing agents in resistant refractory plastics and molded ceramics. It is also employed to improve the physical properties of cyanoacrylate and polyacrylonitrile adhesives, and is chemically modified to form polyisocyanate, polymethacrylate, and to contain siHcone compounds used for adhesives. 

Figure 4c illustrates interfacial polymerisation encapsulation processes in which the reactant(s) that polymerise to form the capsule shell is transported exclusively from the continuous phase of the system to the dispersed phase—continuous phase interface where polymerisation occurs and a capsule shell is produced. This type of encapsulation process has been carried out at Hquid—Hquid and soHd—Hquid interfaces. An example of the Hquid—Hquid case is the spontaneous polymerisation reaction of cyanoacrylate monomers at the water—solvent interface formed by dispersing water in a continuous solvent phase (14). The poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) produced by this spontaneous reaction encapsulates the dispersed water droplets. An example of the soHd—Hquid process is where a core material is dispersed in aqueous media that contains a water-immiscible surfactant along with a controUed amount of surfactant. A water-immiscible monomer that polymerises by free-radical polymerisation is added to the system and free-radical polymerisation localised at the core material—aqueous phase interface is initiated thereby generating a capsule sheU (15). 

In order to become useful dmg delivery devices, biodegradable polymers must be formable into desired shapes of appropriate size, have adequate dimensional stability and appropriate strength-loss characteristics, be completely biodegradable, and be sterilizahle (70). The polymers most often studied for biodegradable dmg delivery applications are carboxylic acid derivatives such as polyamides poly(a-hydroxy acids) such as poly(lactic acid) [26100-51-6] and poly(glycolic acid) [26124-68-5], cross-linked polyesters poly(orthoesters) poly anhydrides and poly(alkyl 2-cyanoacrylates). The relative stabiUty of hydrolytically labile linkages ia these polymers (70) is as follows ... 

An example of this improvement in toughness can be demonstrated by the addition of Vamac B-124, an ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer from DuPont, to ethyl cyanoacrylate [24-26]. Three model instant adhesive formulations, a control without any polymeric additive (A), a formulation with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (B), and a formulation with Vamac B-124 (C), are shown in Table 4. The formulation with PMMA, a thermoplastic which is added to modify viscosity, was included to determine if the addition of any polymer, not only rubbers, could improve the toughness properties of an alkyl cyanoacrylate instant adhesive. To demonstrate an improvement in toughness, the three formulations were tested for impact strength, 180° peel strength, and lapshear adhesive strength on steel specimens, before and after thermal exposure at 121°C. 

N Ammoury, H Fessi, JP Devissaguet, M Du-brasquet, S Benita. Jejunal absorption, pharmacological activity, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of indomethacin-loaded poly(d,l-lactide) and poly(-isobutyl-cyanoacrylate) nanocapsules in rats. Pharm Res 8 101-105, 1991. 

Arias, J.L., Gallardo, V., Gomez-Lopera, S.A., Plaza, R.C. and Delgado, A.V. (2001) Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles with a magnetic core. Journal of Controlled Release, 77, 309-321. 

Fattale et al. [3.46] compared negatively charged liposomes with nanoparticles from poly- (isohexyl-cyanoacrylate), which of both were loaded with ampicillin. Both carriers were of approximately the same size 200 nm but the nanoparticles could be loaded with approx, twenty times more ampicilin. After freeze drying and storage at-4 °C, no ampicillin leaked from the nanoparticles, while it migrated quickly from the liposomes. 

Figure 4. Preparation conditions used in the preparation of poly(alkyl-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles.

Alyautdin R, Gothier D, Petrov V, Kharkevich D, Kreuter J (1995) Analgesic activity of the hexa-peptide dalargin adsorbed on the surface of polysorbate 80-coated poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. Eur J. Pharm Biopharm 41 44 48. 

Peracchia MT, Vauthier C, Puisieux F, Couvreur P (1997) Development of sterically stabilized poly(isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles by chemical coupling of poly(ethylene glycol). J Biomed Mater Res 34 317-326. 

Polymers are also used as sutures. Fighters and other athletes have used poly(alpha-cyanoacrylates), super glues, to quickly stop blood flow in surface cuts. Today, super glue is also used for, in place of or along with, more traditional polymeric suture threads for selected surface wounds, internal surgery, and retinal and corneal surgery. The alpha-cyanoacrylate polymers (structure 19.22) undergo anionic polymerization in the presence of water. More about sutures is explained in Section 19.6. 

Prolonged hypoglycemic effect of insulin was reported after using poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) microparticles with a mean diameter of 254.7 nm (Zhang et al. 2001). Insulin-loaded poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) microparticles were prepared by emulsion polymerization in the presence of insulin. Insulin-loaded microparticles were administered intratracheally to normal rats. The duration of glucose levels below 80% of baseline was maintained for a longer period when insulin was administered in... 

An alternative hydrophobic microparticulate dosage form can be produced using poly(alkyl cyanoacrylates) also referred to as simply poly(cyanoacrylates) (PCAs) (Table 11.3). Poly(cyanoacrylates) are a class of addition polymers that undergo polymerization under mild conditions, and even upon the addition of water or ethanol. Poly(cyanoacrylates) have been widely investigated for delivery of biomacromolecules. Due to their properties, cyanoacrylates can easily be formed into two types of particles spheres (Couvreur et al. 1982) or capsules (Al-Khouri Fallouh et al. 1986), both of which can be used to deliver biomacromolecules. The most used of the poly(cyanoacrylates) is poly (isobutyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA). The reason... 

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