Thick veins

Bryant Is it true that the only clones that escape this control are those that are the activated thick vein ... 

Edgar One thing we don t understand about these discs is that none of the treatments we have tried have yet succeeded in bypassing this slow-down of the cell cycle or the exit of the cells from cycle when they finally differentiate. We can overexpress E2F, String, cyclin E or activated Ras, Myc, or activated thick vein, but in all of these cases the cells still stop cycling and differentiate. I don t know why. 

Affolter, M., Nellen, D, Nussbaumer, U, and Basler, K (1994) Multiple requirements for the receptor serine/threonme kinase thick veins reveal novel functions of TGF beta homologues during Drosophila embryogenesis. Development 120, 3105-3117... 

Fluorspar occurs in two distinct types of formation in the fluorspar district of southern Illinois and Kentucky in vertical fissure veins and in horizontal bedded replacement deposits. A 61-m bed of sandstone and shale serves as a cap rock for ascending fluorine-containing solutions and gases. Mineralizing solutions come up the faults and form vein ore bodies where the larger faults are plugged by shale. Bedded deposits occur under the thick sandstone and shale roofs. Other elements of value associated with fluorspar ore bodies are zinc, lead, cadmium, silver, germanium, iron, and thorium. Ore has been mined as deep as 300 m in this district. 

Leaf of Eucalyptus corymbosa, Sm.—This veuatiou is indicative of the presence of pinene in the oil. Note the close parallel lateral veins, the thick mid-rib, and the position of the marainal vein close to the edge of the leaf. The yield of oil from leaves showing this venation is small, there not lieing room between the lateral veins for the formation of many oil glands. 

These different sites of hydrothermal and ore-forming activity may have resulted from the mode of subduction of the Pacific Plate. Mariana-type subduction (characterized by a steep angle of subduction and back-arc basin formation Uyeda and Kanamori, 1979) during middle Miocene caused WNW-ESE extension, submarine hydrothermal activity, thick accumulation of bimodal (basaltic and dacitic) volcanic activity (Green tuff) and Kuroko-type formation (Shikazono and Shimizu, 1993). Plio-Pleistocene Chilean-type subduction (shallow-dipping subduction zone, E-W compression Uyeda and Kanamori, 1979) and oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the North American Plate led to uplift and expansion of land area, subaerial hydrothermal activity accompanied by meteoric water circulation, subaerial andesitic volcanic activity and formation of vein-type deposits. 

The vein-type deposits can be divided into two based on the metals produced precious (Au, Ag) and base metal (Pb, Zn, Ag, Mn, Cu, Fe) vein-types. There are two sub-types of the base metal vein-type deposits, the Cu-Pb-Zn sub-type and the Pb- Zn-Mn-Ag sub-type. Cu-Pb-Zn veins occur in southern part of the province. Large Pb-Zn-Mn-Ag veins and Au-Ag veins are distributed in northeastern part. In the northeastern part, Au-Ag vein-type deposits occur in marginal zones of the province, while the base metal-rich deposits (Pb-Zn-Mn veins and Kuroko deposits) in central zone (Fig. 1.149). The marginal zone is characterized by exposure of Quaternary volcanic rocks and Plio-Pleistocene volcanic rocks in which Au-Ag veins occur, whereas the central zone is by thick submarine volcanic rocks (Fig. 1.150), in which base metal-rich deposits (base metal veins and Kuroko deposits) occur (Fig. 1.150). Tertiary volcanic rocks, Quaternary volcanic rocks and faults are distributed, trending generally from NW to SE. Some Cu-Pb-Zn veins in southern part are hosted by basement rocks. On the other hand, Pb-Zn-Mn-Ag and Au-Ag veins occur in Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic rocks. 

It is inferred that in the northern part of the province submarine volcanic rocks are thick in the central zone, while at marginal zone it is thin and the Plio-Pleistocene subaerial volcanic rocks are exposed. The vein-type deposits occur widely in the province. The precious vein-type deposits occur in relatively young (Plio-Pleistocene) volcanic rocks, while large base metal vein-type deposits (e.g., Toyoha, Inakuraishi, Ohe) and Kuroko deposits (e.g., Kunitomi) occur in central zone where thick Miocene submarine volcanic rocks are distributed (Figs. 1.149 and 1.150). Small base metal vein-type deposits occur in Paleozoic rocks in the southern part. 

Figure 5.2 Cross section through bLood vessels (a) an artery. Sizes of arteries vary from 25 mm diameter with 2 mm wall thickness in the aorta to 20 pm diameter with a 15 pm wall thickness in the smallest arterioles, (b) a vein. Note there are no elastic lamellae in veins so tension is maintained by elastic fibres which are arranged within the media. Typically, veins are approximately 5 mm in diameter but with a very thin wall, for example 0.5 mm. The vena cava is the largest vein at 30 mm diameter...

Mineralization was represented by quartz-chlorite-carbonate-sulfide veins with visible chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, cobaltite, limonite and malachite. Fractures filled by veins are identified on aerial photos as one submeridional zone up to 20 m thick and 500 m long. The northeastern linear system represented by a shear zone containing veinlets with arsenopyrite, bismuthine, gold and silver sulfosalts. Twelve veins that differ in extent and intensity of mineralization were discovered, with some veins yielding 3 wt. % Sn, 3 wt. % Cu, and up to 250 g/t Ag. 

The polymetallic veins are poorly exposed at surface and are characterized by the presence of gossans with remnants of breccias with quartz matrix and oxidized sulfide clasts. Hypogene polymetallic mineralization is characterized by the presence of massive and banded sulfide veins and sulfide breccias up to 13 m thick. This mineralization is developed In... 

Drilling should be designed to cross the vein at a depth less than 30 meter because of oxidized zone thickness. 

The experiments have been performed on a setup that used the ps-OPO-based CARS system described above and a femtosecond Tiisapphire laser in conjunction with a commercial laser scanning microscope (Carl Zeiss, model LSM-510). The peripheral nerve samples were gained from C57/B6 wild-type mice. After removing the skin from the lower extremities from freshly sacrificed mice, the saphenous nerve is exposed as it runs very conveniently for excision along the saphenous vein, without too much additional fatty tissue and a favorable tissue thickness of less than 20 m. A 500- m long piece is excised and freed from additional fatty tissue as well as the collagenous nerve sheath. The myelinated nerve tissue is fixed for 3-5 hr in 4% PEA or 10% formalin and mounted on 100-pm thick coverslips that are treated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or a chromium potassium sulfate solution. After... 

In another study, ToF-SIMS was employed to study Hannibal s actual route over the Alps taken during the invasion of Italy in the Second Punic War, by examining the burnt outcrop from one of the possible passes (the Col du Clapier). ToF-SIMS investigations of a 100 p,m thick burnt crust in the hornblende schist interlaced with veins of quartz-feldspatic minerals yielded various elements, C, Mg, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, P, Al and Fe, and hydrocarbon fragments as combustion products... 

The liver contains an enormous number of hepatocytes that perform the various functions noted above. The hepatocytes are contained within minute units known as hepatic lobules, in which the cell layers (which are one or two cells thick) are in contact with networks of minute blood channels - the sinusoids - which ultimately join the venous capillaries. Capillaries carrying blood from the hepatic artery and the portal vein empty separately into the sinusoids. The walls of sinusoids and liver cells are incomplete, and blood is brought into direct contact with the hepatocytes. 

Figure 1. Order of formation of vein minerals in Langban. Variation in line thickness indicates approximately the quantities formed of the mineral in question. A thin line thus indicates that the mineral was formed in insignificant quantities.

The suprachoroid is 30 pm in thickness and comprises thin interconnected lamellae of melanocytes, fibroblasts, and connective tissue fibers. These are separated by a thin space known as the suprachoroidal space. In this space hydrostatic pressure is a few mm of Hg lower than the IOP. The small gradient allows drainage of aqueous humor, through the tissue spaces of the ciliary muscles, into the suprachoroidal space. Venous drainage takes place through a series of large vortex veins each of these drains a sector of the choroid into the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins of the orbit. 

We now turn to an anatomical description of lymph nodes. The lymph node is surrounded by a thick, fibrous capsule and is subdivided into compartments by trabeculae. Inside the capsule is the subcapsular or marginal sinus, which forms the entry point of lymphatic fluid into the node, via the afferent vessel. The lymph node cortex, which lies beneath the subcapsular sinus, is the location of the primary and secondary lymphoid follicles. The primary follicles are comprised of B-lymphocytes. An immune response stimulates B-cells to replicate and differentiate, converting the primary follicle into a secondary follicle or germinal center, surrounded by a zone of small lymphocytes. The paracortex surrounds the germinal centers and primary follicles and contains mostly T-lymphocytes. The medulla is composed of medullary cords, consisting of macrophages and plasma cells, and medullary sinuses. The medullary vessels include the arteries and veins, and the afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels, respectively, deliver the lymphatic fluid into and out of the lymph node. 

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