Thermosets metal fillers

Three types of plastics-based materials can be categorised for bonding, i.e., thermoplastics (e.g., polystyrene or polyethylene (PE) thermosets (e.g., phenolics or epoxies) and composites (plastics reinforced with a mineral or metallic filler). Composites can be thermoplastics or thermosets. 

Very often particles are blended into polymers, in thermoplasts as well as in thermosets and in synthetic rubbers. This is done for various reasons the aim may be stiffness, strength, hardness, softening temperature, a reduction of shrinkage in processing, reduction of thermal expansion or electric resistance, or, simply, to reduce the price of the material. The fillers used are wood flour, carbon black, glass powder, chalk, quartz powder, mica, molybdene sulphide, various metal oxides, etc. etc. 

Compared with metals or ceramics, polymers are lighter, softer, weaker, less thermally stable and less wear-resistant. They are also poor conductors of heat and electricity. However, their properties can be enormously modified by the incorporation of fillers, reinforcements, and other components such as plasticizers. For most purposes it is useful to consider polymers in three separate groups, namely thermosetting, thermoplastic and PTFE. 

The mechanical strength and operating temperature of plastics are low compared with that of metals. The mechanical strength, and other properties, can be modified by the addition of fillers and plasticisers. When reinforced with glass or carbon fibres thermosetting plastics can have a strength equivalent to mild steel, and are used for pressure vessels and pressure piping. Unlike metals, plastics are flammable. Plastics can... 

The adhesive components can also be produced as layers on films or textiles or without carrier materials if they form solid films at room temperature. For this purpose, they are applied warm, in thin layers, or in solute form, to foils and textiles and the carrying materials (preferably made of glass fibers, carbon fibers, or metal netting) are integrated into the bonding joint after the thermosetting process. The adhesive films frequently contain fillers made of A1 oxide, Cu, Ag, Al, etc. 

U.S. Pat. No. 6,702,969 [27] discloses a composite material prepared by mixing a thermoset resin, such as phenolic resin, urea resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, and mixture thereof, to bind wood pieces and a filler, such as natural and synthetic graphites, metal, carbon, and other similar compounds and then-mixtures. 

Emtal . [Engelhard] Talc filler, rein-forcer for thermosets, thermophutics, thermoplastic elastomers in caulks and sealants, dry-wall comp., adhesives, printing inks, paints, metal primers dusting agent few tacky rubber compds. 

Starting with the silicone elastomer hydrocephalus shunt in 1955, silicone elastomer has become widely used as a soft, flexible, elastomeric material of construction for artificial organs and implants for the human body. When prepared with controls to assure its duplication and freedom from contamination, specific formulations have excellent biocompatibility, biodurability, and a long history of clinical safety. Properties can be varied to meet the needs in many different implant applications. Silicone elastomer can be fabricated in a wide variety of forms and shapes by most all of the techniques used to fabricate thermosetting elastomers. Radiopacity can be increased by fillers such as barium sulfate or powdered metals. It can be sterilized by ethylene oxide, steam autoclave, dry heat, or radiation. Shelf-life at ambient conditions is indefinite. When implanted the host reaction is typically limited to encapsulation of... 

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