Thermal reclamation

Vibration The vibratory grid, or screen equipment, is the most widely used technique for primary reclamation purposes. The sieved sand is removed for subsequent treatment, e.g. for cooling, size classification, and thermal reclamation, and the residual material is collected for disposal... 

DEA, DIPA, and MDEA can be thermally reclaimed by distillation under reduced pressure. Operating conditions vary, but solution temperatures ould be less than 400°F to prevent degradation of the amines and maximize recovery (Simmons, 1991). For example, typical operating conditions for thermal reclamation of DIPA ate SO to 100 mm Hg al olute at 350°F (Butwell et al., 1982). 

In-plant reclamation refers to the sand reclamation process in a foundry facility, which directly minimizes the generation of spent foundry sand. Sand reclamation includes physical, chemical, or thermal treatment of foundry sands so they may be safely substituted for new sand in molding and core-making mixes. 

The Advanced Environmental Services, Inc. (AESI), soil reclamation facility, American SoU Processing, in Marion, Iowa, includes on-site soil storage capacity and soU processing equipment. The Cedarapids soU remediation system (manufactured by Ratheon Company) used by AESI to treat contaminated soils by low-temperature thermal desorption is similar to that used by another vendor. See also Carlo Environmental Technologies, Inc., medium-temperature thermal desorption (T0142). 

In the reclamation of chemically or resin bonded sands, the system employed must be able to break the bond between the resin and sand and remove the fines that are generated. The systems most commonly employed are wet washing and scrubbing for silicate bonded sands, or dry scrubbing/attrition and thermal (rotary drum or fluidized bed) systems for resin bonded sands. 

Recognize that a viable economic approach to recycling is by thermal incineration reclamation of electrical energy. Since there is unlimited raw material sources (vegetation, etc.) to produce plastics, the incineration approach can eliminate the problems associated with reusing recycled plastics.3 211... 

After PCDEs were detected in a fly ash from a municipal waste incinerator in Finland [36], the occurrence of PCDEs in combustion wastes has not been studied much. PCDEs could be formed during incomplete combustion by condensation from chlorophenols as has been indicated for PCDDs [54], but de novo synthesis is also possible [55]. The formation of chlorinated compounds is always possible during combustion in the presence of organic material and chloride. The formation of PCDEs de novo in combustion has been described in the literature review of Kurz s thesis [4]. Briefly, diphenyl can be formed from the phenoxy radical and benzene which in turn can be formed from alkene radicals. If the formed molecule does not already contain chlorine, chlorination of diphenyl ether can occur, e.g., in the presence of HCl. It has been suggested, however, that PCDEs, in contrast to PCDDs and PCDFs, are not formed to a great extent de novo on solid surfaces or in the gas phase in thermal processes during metal reclamation processes [56]. When PCDEs were analyzed in emission samples of a metal reclamation plant in Finland, all PCDEs were below 4 ng nr3. 

In recent decades much interest has been generated in the reclamation of rubber wastes, mainly used tyres, by thermal decomposition. As tyres contain significant amounts of other components, in addition to rubber, the thermal conversion of tyres is a more complex process than the thermolysis of rubber alone. 

Since 1995, consumer and industrial Ni/Cd battery recycling in the U.S. has been primarily done at the International Metals Reclamation Company, Inc. (INMETCO) using a process licensed from SAFT NIFE. The cadmium is distilled from the plates using a low temperature thermal process, and the material is used for new battery production. The nickel content of the battery goes into the standard INMETCO stainless steel remelt alloy production. In general, this thermal recovery process makes up the majority of the world recycling capacity. The cadmium is recovered and purified as the metal or can be converted to cadmium oxide. 

Secondary (sand) regeneration measures (mechanical, pneumatic, thermal and wet) aimed at removing spent binder layers from the sand com (= reclamation) returning the sand to a quality similar to, or better than, new sand... 

Information on water temperature and/or salinity is relevant in areas with a large seasonal variation in water temperature or salinity and in areas influenced by thermal plumes or river outflows. Temperature and salinity gradients in the water will induce density currents and stratification and may lead to enhanced settlement of fines. For reclamation projects, it therefore is relevant as an input parameter for (three-dimensional) modelling to determine the potential impacts of the dredging works. 

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