River outflow

Table 2. Estimated Annual Yield of Constituents (t/mi ), St. Lawrence River Outflow from Lake Ontario, Selected Years (1906-1990)...

Swarzenski PW, Sutton P, Porcelli D, McKee BA (2003) 234,238y jgotope systematics in two large tropical estuaries The Amazon and Fly River outflow regions. Cont Shelf Res (in press)... 

Model simulations of particle volume concentrations in the summer as functions of the particle production flux in the epilimnion of Lake Zurich, adapted from Weilenmann, O Melia and Stumm (1989). Predictions are made for the epilimnion (A) and the hypolimnion (B). Simulations are made for input particle size distributions ranging from 0.3 to 30 pm described by a power law with an exponent of p. For p = 3, the particle size distribution of inputs peaks at the largest size, i.e., 30 pm. For p = 4, an equal mass or volume input of particles is in every logaritmic size interval. Two particle or aggregate densities (pp) are considered, and a colloidal stability factor (a) of 0.1 us used. The broken line in (A) denotes predicted particle concentrations in the epilimnion when particles are removed from the lake only in the river outflow. Shaded areas show input fluxes based on the collections of total suspendet solids in sediment traps and the composition of the collected solids. 

Old River Outflow Channel near Knox Landing, Louisiana 3.1 550 2,100... 

Gordeev Y.Y. Gulidov A.V. Holms P. and Peterson B. (2000). River outflow of nutrients to Russian Arctic Achievements and Problems. Proceedings of the Second Conference Ecology of Siberian River Basins and the Arctic (November 24-26, 2000, Tomsk), pp. 108-113 [in Russian]. 

Gardner, W.S., Escobar-Broines, E., Cruz-Kaegi, E., and Rowe, G.T. (1993) Ammonium excretion by benthic invertebrates and sediment-water nitrogen flux in the Gulf of Mexico near the Mississippi River outflow. Estuaries 16, 799-808. 

Fig. 3. Mean concentrations of 236CYMS in mussels incubated in August 1986 at seven stations of the Kymijoki basin, Finland [32], MAT is reference station 40 km upstream of the first bleaching pulp mill in Aanekoski. Stations KUU, TOR, and KAR are 18,40, and 75 km downstream. LEH is 15 km downstream from another mill, where bleaching was stopped in 1981. PIL and HIR are stations of the Kymijoki River (outflow from the Lake Paijanne) upstream and downstream from additional large pulp milL Places of discharge are indicated as arrows...

Ryther, J. H., D. W. Menzel, and N. Corwin. 1967. "Influence of the Amazon River outflow on the ecology of the western tropical Atlantic, I Hydrology and nutrient chemistry." Journal of Marine Research 25 69-82. 

Keywords Aral Sea, Ice cover. Microwave radiometry. River outflow, Satellite altimetry. Sea level. Sea surface temperature... 

Garvine, R. W. (1974). Physical features of the Connecticut River outflow during high discharge. J. Geophys. Res. 79, 831-846. 

Information on water temperature and/or salinity is relevant in areas with a large seasonal variation in water temperature or salinity and in areas influenced by thermal plumes or river outflows. Temperature and salinity gradients in the water will induce density currents and stratification and may lead to enhanced settlement of fines. For reclamation projects, it therefore is relevant as an input parameter for (three-dimensional) modelling to determine the potential impacts of the dredging works. 

Blough, N.V., Zafiriou, O.C., and Bonilla, J. (1993). Optical absorption spectra of waters from the Orinoco River outflow Terrestrial input of colored organic matter to the Caribbean. / Geophys. Res., 98(C2), 2271-2278. 

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