Theories of Detonation Wave

J. Von Neumann, Theory of Detonation Waves, Pergamon Press, 1963. 

Zel dovich, "Teoriya UdarnykhVoln i Vvedeniye v Gazodinamiku (Theory of Detonation Waves and Introduction to Gasodynamics), IzdatAkad-Nauk, Moscow(1946) 4) G.I. Taylor, PrRoySoc 200A, 235-47(1950) 5) Cook(1958), 61... 

Hydrodynamic theory of deton and shock waves) 29c) J.O. Hirschfelder et al, OSRD 547(1942) (Thermochemistry and the equation of state of the propellant gases) 30) J. von Neumann, OSRD 549(1942) (Theory of deton waves)... 

The book includes among other topics Definition of expln and classification of expln processes, pp 9-l6 Theory of shock waves, which includes "shock adiabat on p 190 (pp 182-224) Theory of deton waves (pp 225-27) Hugoniot curve for detonation waves (p 228) Hydrodynamic Theory of deton (p 226) Explosion in air. (pp 555-663) Theory of point initiation of deton, called in Rus "Teoriya tochechnago vzryva (pp 598-624) Theory of spherical expln (pp 624-40) Explosion in condensed medium (pp 664-81) Propagation of shock waves in water (pp 681-90) Some problems of theory of deton in liquids (pp 690-98) Propagation of waves in solids (pp 708-18) and Theory of deton in earth. (pp 718-44)... 

Andreev Belyaev (I960), pp 230-43 (Hydrodynamic theory of detonation waves) 250-52 and Fig 4.61 (Interruption and reformation of detonation wave thru inert solid plates) 63) J.A. Nicholls E-K. Dabora, "Standing Detonation Waves, USDept Commerce, OfcTechServ PBRept 148528,... 

Von Neumann J (1942) Theory of detonation waves. Pergamon Press, New York... 

These are the basic equations of the hydrodynamic theory of detonation. If p2 and v2 can be determined, they enable the remaining features of the detonation wave to be calculated. Unfortunately p2 and v, relate to conditions in the detonation wave and not to the lower pressure conditions which the explosion products would reach at equilibrium in, for example, a closed vessel. Therefore, further calculations are needed to determine p2 and v2. 

The theory of detonation has also been extended to study the process of initiation of reaction by the commonest means used in practice, namely, by the shock wave arising from another high explosive. Campbell, Davis and Travis have studied the initiation by plane shock waves of homogeneous explosives, particularly nitromethane. Initiation occurs at the boundary of the explosive after an induction period which is of the order of a microsecond and which depends markedly on initial temperature. During the induction period the shock wave has proceeded through the explosive and compressed it. The detonation initially in compressed explosive has a velocity some 10% above normal, but the detonation soon overtakes the... 

Requirements 1 and 3 follow immediately from the considerations of the theory of detonation when it is remembered that the purpose of the charge is to obtain maximum effect, both from the shock wave of the explosive and also from the destructive effect of expansion of the explosion products. Requirements 1 and 2 follow from the consideration that any reduction in size and weight of the warhead of a missile, or in a shell, immediately makes it possible to increase the range and therefore the usefulness of the weapon. Requirement 5 relates not only to safety, but also the desirability, particularly for armour-piercing ammunition, for the time of detonation to be determined solely by the functioning of an appropriate fuze. 

Dunkle (Ref 7) reports that the CJ Theory deals with adiabatic transformations in steady non-viscous, one-dimensional flows in stress tubes or ducts of constanc cross-section. This theory interprets deton waves as shock waves in which a continuing degradation of mechanical (shock) energy into heat is balanced by... 

CA 46, 2266(1952 (Initiation of deton in gases. Published theories of deton are reviewed, and some new thoughts on the structure of deton waves and the mechanism of initiation of deton by flames are presented) 14a) F.R. Bowden A.D. Yoffe, "Initiation and Growth of Explosion in Liquids and Solids , Cambridge-UnivPress, England (1952) 14b) J.A. Fay... 

The hydrodynamic theory of detonation, based on physical theories of shock waves and the chemical theory of absolute reaction rates, utilizes the established laws of conservation of mass, energy, and momen-... 

Report on the Hydrodynamic Theory of Detonation and Shock Waves , OSRD 114... 

R. Becker, Zeitschrift fur Physik 8, 321-62(1922) (Shock waves and detonation application of Chapman-Jouguet theory to solid expls) 9) G. Schweikert, "Innere Ballistik , Springer, Leipzig(1923), 31 ff (Theory of deton of solid liq expls)... 

Theory of Detonation of Explosives , pp 948-60 in Kirk Othmer 5(1950). It includes Theory of shock wave (pp 949-52) Rankine-Hugoniot equation (951) Theory of stationary deton wave (952-55) Calcn of deton para-... 

A new relationship in the hydrodynamic theory of expl waves) 95) W.W. Wood J.G. Kirkwood, JChemPhys 29, 956(1958) (Present status of deton theory) 95a) W. Fickett 8t W.W. Wood, Phys of Fluids 1 (6), 528-34 (Nov-Dec. 1958) (A detonation-product equation of state obtained from hydrodynamic data) 96) Cook... 

Definition of deton, expln de-flgrn) 44-8 (Ideal deton) 48-50 (Nonideal deton) 50-7 (Transient and unstable deton waves) 57-60 (The jumping deton) 61-90 (Thermohydrodynamic theory of deton) 61-6 (Equation of state in deton of condensed expls) 66-8 (The Chapman-Jouguet postulate) 68-75 (The deton reaction zone in gases) 75-7 (Reaction zone in nonideal deton in gases) 77-9 (Reaction zone in condensed expls) 79-87... 

Hauver concluded that pressure-time measurements with a sulfur transducer in contact with detonating Baratol gave clear evidence of an initial pressure spike, and lends addnl confirmation to the hydro-dynamic theory of deton proposed by von Neumann and others. The sulfur transducer appeared capable of good resolution over that portion of the pressure-time curve corresponding to the reaction zone, and may offer a method for investigating the reaction process Refs 1) S. Joigneau J. Thouvenin, "Electrical Conductivity of Sulfur Under the Action of a Shock Wave , CR 246, 3422-25 (1958) 2) G.E. Hauver,... 

Theory of stationary detonation waves was discussed by Kistiakowsky in Kirk Othmer s Encyclopedia), Vol 5, pp 952-55 (Ref 24). Theory of structure and stability of deton waves was examined before 1952 at the USBurMines (Ref 27). Stability of detonation waves at low pressure was examined by Fay (Ref 74). In Russia stability of deton waves was examined by Zaidel (Ref 70) and by Istratov et al (Ref 102)... 

G.B. Kistiakowsky E.B. Wilson, Jr1. "Final Report on die Hydrodynamic Theory of Detonation and Shock Waves OSRD 114(1941) 6) J. von Neumann "Theory... 

The Physics and Chemistry of the Explosives Phenomena , USBurMines ProgrRept Jan-March 1952, p 6 (Theory of the structure and stability of detonation waves) 27a) J.O. Hirschfelder, et al,... 

CA 49, 10625 (1955) (Structure of detonation wave front of gases was studied by method of shock tube) (See its abstract under Detonation Wave Structure) 38a) R.E. Duff E. Houston, 2nd ONRSympDeton (1955), p 225 (See under Detonation Wave Structure Measurements in Condensed Explosives) 39) S. Minshall, JApplPhys 26, 463- 69 (1955) (Properties of elastic and plastic waves determined by pin contactors and crystals) 40) C.G. Dunkle, "Introduction to Theory of Detonation of Explosives, Syllabus of 21 Nov 1955 and Lecture Delivered at Picatinny Arsenal on 13 Dec, 1955 (Structure of the deton wave)... 

Jouguet, (Jacques-Charles) Emile (1871 — 1943). French physicist, general inspector of mines and professor of mechanics ficole des Mine, ficole Poly technique, member French Academy of Science (1930). He was the author of Me-canique des Explosifs (1917) and conducted research on wave diffusion, movement of fluids, explosives and fundamental work on the hydro-dynamic theory of detonation. His name is associated with that of Chapman-in the famous Chapman-Jouguet condition. In their honor parameters of a steady detonation wave are usually designated by the subscript CJ... 

G. B. Kistiakowsky and E. B. Wilson, Jr., The Hydrodynamic Theory of Detonation and Shock Waves, OSRD Rept. 114, 1941. 

The propagation of shock waves accompanied by an irreversible chemical reaction with substantial release of heat is the subject of the theory of detonation [3-6]. 

Chapmann developed a hydrodynamic theory of detonation along the lines used earlier by Riemann, Rankine and Hugoniot to construct a theory of shock (explosive) waves in a chemically inert gas. 

In a shock wave, as is known, a change of state occurs on the mean free path of molecules of the gas. The outward analogy between the theory of detonation and the shock wave theory prompted many authors to consider that a detonation front is just as sharp as the front of a shock wave. Jouguet spoke in favor of instantaneous reaction. 

The overall reaction time, which determines the losses, for the SM is the time the flame propagates from the periphery to the center. This time depends only weakly on the temperature achieved in the shock wave, whence follows the possibility (from the standpoint of the theory of detonation limits) of significant losses and a significant decrease in the detonation velocity for the SM. 

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