Detonation wave structure

Strehlow, R. A. 1970. Multi-dimensional detonation wave structure. Astronautica Acta 15 345-357. 

R. Takai, K. Yoneda, and T. Hikita, Study of detonation wave structure. Proceedings 15th Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburg, pp. 69-78, 1974. 

Reasonable models for the detonation wave structure have been presented by Zeldovich [9], von Neumann [10], and Doring [11], Essentially, they constructed the detonation wave to be a planar shock followed by a reaction zone initiated after an induction delay. This structure, which is generally referred to as the ZND model, will be discussed further in a later section. 

J, Rosciszewski, "Determination of the Detonation Wave Structure , Ibid, pp 424-41 70) J.J. Erpenbeck, "Structure and Stability of the Square-Wave Detonation , Ibid, pp 442-53 71) H.G. Wagner, "Reaction Zone... 

White others "General Discussion on Detonation Wave Structure , Ibid, pp 474-81 75) A.S. Sokolik, "Self-ignition, Flame and Detonation in Gases , Translation from Russian (See Ref 57), IsraelProgram for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem (1963),... 

See also Detonation Wave Structure Measurements in Condensed Explosives Detonation Wave Study by a Missile Technique and Detonation Wave Study by Spectrophotometric-Analysis)... 

Detonation Wave Structure Measurements in Condensed Explosives. Measurements of the de tonation- wave structure at the axis of long cylindrical charges of NMe and TNT were conducted by Craig (Ref 95a)- He de-teimined initial free- surface velocities of plates of various thicknesses driven by the explosives. The plates were either of Dural (an aluminum alloy contg 4% Cu, 0.5%... 

CA 49, 10625 (1955) (Structure of detonation wave front of gases was studied by method of shock tube) (See its abstract under Detonation Wave Structure) 38a) R.E. Duff E. Houston, 2nd ONRSympDeton (1955), p 225 (See under Detonation Wave Structure Measurements in Condensed Explosives) 39) S. Minshall, JApplPhys 26, 463- 69 (1955) (Properties of elastic and plastic waves determined by pin contactors and crystals) 40) C.G. Dunkle, "Introduction to Theory of Detonation of Explosives, Syllabus of 21 Nov 1955 and Lecture Delivered at Picatinny Arsenal on 13 Dec, 1955 (Structure of the deton wave)... 

Phys. 31, 323 (1960) (See under Detonation Wave Structure Measurement in condensed Explosives) 64b) V.S. Ilyukhin, Dokl-AkadN 131, 793 (I960) pee under Detonation Wave Structure Measurements)... 

See under Detonation Wave Structure Measurements in Condensed Explosives)... 

J.K. Richmond, "Spectrophotometric Analysis of Detonation Wave Structure, pp 17-46 of the book of Penner Williams 76) V.N. Zubarev... 

Detonation wave structure measurements in condensed expl 4 D715... 

However, experimental methods for a quite accurate determination of the detonation velocity (errors less than 1%), mass velocity, and the detonation pressure (errors less than 3%) have been developed. For the last fifteen years, efforts have been directed towards the stutfy of detonation wave structure, i.e., the chemical spike and chemical reaction zone. Unfortunately, the time resolution slightly below 10 seconds, achievable by the most recent measuring techniques, is still insufficient for a reliable stuchemical spike and occasionally in the chemical reaction zone. 

According to the ZND model of detonation, detonation wave structure (Figure 4.31) includes... 

The determination of the detonation wave parameters and its structure on the basis of the determination of the shock wave velocity in an inert and optically transparent material using a laser follows the same principles as in the case of the aquarium test. However, if compared to the standard aquarium test, it is characterised by a better time resolution, on a nanosecond scale. Thus, this technique allows the study of the detonation wave structure, i.e., the chemical reaction zone width and the duration time (Ashaev et al., 1988). 

The detonation wave structure proposed by the ZND model of detonation was proven by numerous experimental works. Also, those experiments have proven the existence of the chemical spike steady zone, viiich does not depend on the length of the explosive charge and ends in the CJ point. In addition, the existence of the unsteacfy zone of the expansion of the detonation products where the pressure decrease depends on the length of the explosive charge (see Figure 4.45) has been proven. 

When the detonation wave reaches the particle velocity gauge, the gauge moves forward at a velocity equal to the velocity of detonation product particles behind the detonation wave front. It is consictered that, due to the small size of the gauge, its velocity becomes equal to the velocity of the detonation products in less than 0.1 ps. This means that the method enables registration of the state of the detonation wave in 0.1 ps behind the shock front. Therefore, it is to be expected that the method might be used in the study of detonation wave structure. 

Detonation wave structure We define 4 zones in the detonation. 

Figure 2.74 The effect of charge geometry on the detonation wave structure of TNT.

For the purpose of studying the pressures and temperatures caused by a detonation, it is sufficient to ignore the detonation wave structure and consider it as a thin surface, a discontinuity. Chapman and Jouguet assumed that the detonation traveled at a speed such that the flow behind the detonation was sonic relative to the detonation. With this assumption one can compute a unique detonation speed for each hydrogenrair mixture, and find the corresponding temperature and pressure behind the detonation wave. The results are shown in Figures 4 6-12 and 4.6-13. It is an experimental fact that the measured speeds of detonations are... 

Parameters of detonation waves have been calculated and found experimentally. Let us use the data presented in [1-3]. Figure 7.1 illustrates the dependence of the detonation wave velocity D and the gas velocity u on the equivalence ratio

dimensional detonation wave structure and indication of some parameters for HAM and HOM can be found in [4, 5] (Figs. 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 and Tables 7.1, 7.2). 

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