The UK Situation

Organic P is not routinely measured by any extraction procedure, and the conventional P index system cannot be simply applied in organic systems because of the complex interacting dynamics of the organic and mineral P pools in the soil. 

Available K measured by ammonium nitrate gave a good indication of plant available K in the soil for organic systems, but not all extractable K is truly available. The K index system can be used as a reasonable guide for organic systems. 

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This paper attemps to analyse the problems of agricultural odour in order to assess the potential contribution of the various approaches to reducing complaints. The paper refers mainly to the UK situation but the discussion should be valid more generally. 

The UK situation broadly reflects the situation across Europe although there are of course differences between countries. In a survey of 18 European countries, vegetables were generally considered the most important organic product on the total food market in terms of quantities sold, followed by cereals and dairy products (Michelsen et ctl. 

National Case Study the UK situation (WED Policy and Research - Worlds Apart )... 

NATIONAL CASE STUDY THE UK SITUATION (WED POLICY AND RESEARCH - WORLDS APART )... 

Watt Committee on Energy comment on the UK situation on individual responsibility... 

This situation has recently arisen in the UK where competition for gas sales has been encouraged. Gas producers can enter into direct agreements with consumers (ranging from power stations to domestic users), using the national distribution grid if necessary. The impact of this change on gas price has been significant a reduction of around 60% in the period of a year. 

The first synthetic dyestuff, mauveine, was discovered by Perkin in 1856 in the UK and led to many investigations of the derivatives of coal tar as potential coloring matters. The first dia2onium salt derived from picramic acid was prepared in 1858 and is still the basic chemistry behind coundess commercial products. Despite these inventions, in 1900 the vast majority of dyestuffs were still of natural origin. Now at the end of the century the situation has changed dramatically synthetic dyes dominate. 

With large power installations of 40 to 50 thousand horsepower compressing flammable gases, this is not usually possible, and each individual item has to be separately tested. A typical situation could be a 40 thousand horsepower gas turbine driving multibody process gas compressors, where the engineering and manufacture involve one contractor and six sub-contractors located in the UK, U.S.A., Japan, and Indonesia. The difficulties of separately testing each sub-unit to ensure compatibility will be compounded by distance and culture. 

A range of preeautions are based on the prineiples sutmuarized earlier. However, general preeautions, applieable to the majority of work situations, are listed in Table 6.14, many of whieh are ineluded in legal requirements. In the UK duties under the Fire Preeautions (Workplaee) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 are to ... 

By far the most numerous class of boiler within the UK must be the low-pressure hot water heating or hot water domestic supply boiler, and these are found installed in various types of situations (e.g. offices, factories, shops, hotels) and now widely used in connection with private dwelling houses. 

The major uses of lead in the UK are in batteries, and in sheet and pipe of which the vast majority is sheet for building purposes. These applications account for about one third each of lead used. This situation is unique, since in all other countries batteries account for most of the lead market. A small but very important application is sheet and pipe for the chemical industry. Lead is no longer installed for water services. Lead cable sheathing which accounts for 5% is in general decline, but is valued in niche applications such as on oil rigs where resistance to hydrocarbons is important. The use of lead for anodes accounts for a very small tonnage, but is still of great importance to the industries which use them. 

Fundamental research in pyrotechnics is published in the US in Combustion and Flame by the Combustion Institute, and in the UK in Combustion Science and Technology and in Fuel . Germany has the new, journal, Propellants and Explosives (German Chemical Society), which is the successor to the discontinued Explosivstoffe . A necessary caveat is that these journals are strongly oriented toward combustion or propulsion so that only rarely do they yield pyrotechnic information. Likewise, the various publications of the learned societies contain much data on thermodynamics, spectroscopy, and instrumental analysis which are useful in the study of pyrotechnics. In the USSR the situation is somewhat better as Physics of Combustion and Explosion (Fizika Gorenia i Vzryva) of the Siberian Branch Academy of Sciences USSR is exclusively oriented toward subjects of interest, as several scientific institutes are primarily devoted to research in pyrotechnics. The same authors do publish also, however, in the journals of the Academy of Science USSR (of which there are several) as well as in the corresponding journals of the academies of the various republics, so that the impression is created of a high level of activity... 

A whole range of precautions may be based on the principles summarized earlier. However, general precautions, applicable to the majority of work situations, are listed in Table 5.13, many of which are included in legal requirements. For example, in the UK The Fire Precautions Act 1971 specifies requirements for fire resistance of surfaces and building structure, assessment of risk, means of escape, means for giving warning, firefighting equipment, and fire instruction and drills. 

Up to now there is a strange situation in the area of disinfection A disinfectant judged to be effective in a concentration A in France might be effective in the UK in a higher concentration B or even in another concentration C in Germany. 

The UK public area situation contrasted markedly with the UK domestic situation. In spite of the recommendations of the early research programmes, full scale tests with domestic furniture in the late 1970 s showed, regrettably, that not only had domestic upholstered furniture design and construction not followed the recommendations of early research, but that the fire performance of such furniture had arguably deteriorated. 

This situation does not apply only to Germany. The Health and Safety Executive quotes specific figures for the UK, which give an idea of application of occupational health and safety legislation there In approximately 1.3 nullion British compaiues chemicals are handled. When questioned, only 16% of these compaiues were able to state the applicable law for handling chenucals or the limit values for these substances at the workplace. With regard to the need for protective measures, these 16% also rely almost entirely on the details contained in the safety data sheets. 

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