Lead cable

The major uses of lead in the UK are in batteries, and in sheet and pipe of which the vast majority is sheet for building purposes. These applications account for about one third each of lead used. This situation is unique, since in all other countries batteries account for most of the lead market. A small but very important application is sheet and pipe for the chemical industry. Lead is no longer installed for water services. Lead cable sheathing which accounts for 5% is in general decline, but is valued in niche applications such as on oil rigs where resistance to hydrocarbons is important. The use of lead for anodes accounts for a very small tonnage, but is still of great importance to the industries which use them. 

The reaction of lead with concrete differs from that of aluminium and of zinc in that it is not normally rapid during the early wet stage. It is, however, progressive in damp conditions, and this is said to be due to the fact that the concrete prevents the formation of a protective basic lead carbonate film on the surface of the lead. The packing of lead cables in plaster of Paris is reported to be of doubtful value in preventing corrosion from surrounding concrete. 

K.G. Compton, Potential criteria for the cathodic protection of lead cable sheath. Corrosion 12 (1956) 553t-560t. 

For site welding earth connection shall not be taken from pipelines or process tanks. Separate lead cable shall be used. 

Many utilities have now replaced paper lead cables by plastics cable for low-voltage power distribution. Since each core has a plastics sheath no additional protection is required at the termination. However, a heat-shrinkable glove is still required such that water cannot penetrate into the body of the cable. If this is not done the cable acts as a water pipe allowing water to be transmitted into terminations and joints, which could result in failure. 

Copper and Copper Alloys 296 3.1.11.9 3.1.11.10 Lead Cable Sheathing Alloys Other Lead Alloys A21 A21... 

Are work and electrode lead cables frequently inspected for wear and damage, and replaced when needed Are cable connectors adequately insulated ... 

New York City lead cable splicers (N = 90) PbB means with symptoms, 30 pg/dl without symptoms, 27 pg/dl Lead colic 21% of workers reported Gl symptoms PbB difference not significant Fischbein etal. (1980)... 

Visually inspect test instruments and equipment and all associated test leads, cables, power cords, probes, and connectors for external defects and damage. 

In Germany the first lead cables were provided by Werner Siemens ) as long ago as 1851 for the fire-alarm network of the City of... 

Ifig. 14. 575-ton horizontal two-ram lead cable press, Huber system (By Krupp Grusonwerk, Magdeburg)... 

Table 2. Horizontal Lead Cable Presses (Huber Systeyn)...

Fig. 17. 1,400-ton vertical two-coliimii lead cable press with underlying hydraulic cylinder and stationary extrusion ram arranged in the head part (By Hydranlik, Duisburg)... 

Fig. 19. Split two-seam die-block for vertical lead cable press...

Fig. 24. 3,000-ton vertical lead cable press in frame construction, with hj draulic cylinder arranged in the head of the frame, with disk piston, moving extrusion ram and stationary container (By Krupp Orusonwerk, Magdeburg)... 

Fig. 26. Shop photo of a vertical 3,000-ton lead cable press in frame construction, as per Fig. 24 however, with plunger piston (By Fried. Krupp, Maschinen- u. Stahlbau, Rheinhausen)...

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