The Environmental Compatibility

Based on the exergy required for abatement, the sustainability parameter expressing the ecological compatibility of a process is defined as given in Equation 13.18  

The sustainability parameter , expresses the exergy required to abate all the effects of the process that are harmful to the natural environment. 

P denotes the economic value of the in- and outgoing exergy streams K denotes the capital investment, appropriately amortized over time 

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The environmental compatibility of silicone softeners is generally favourable [495,496]. The discussion here concerns only the silicone component of the formulation and not the supporting emulsifying system. For the most part this is nonionic, preferably based on linear ethoxylated fatty alcohols, although alkylphenol ethoxylates are still used in some countries [496]. The salient points regarding the environmental influence of silicones can be summarised as follows ... 

The study initiated by the EEA (2006) aims at determining the environmentally compatible bioenergy potential. That means that a number of environment criteria... 

In this section we will present considerations that can be used to evaluate the environmental compatibility of solvents. The considerations are based on the Aberdeen/Green Seal Standard for Certification of Cleaning/Degreasing Agents for Steel and Alnmi-num, which was promulgated in the spring of 1999. While the standard is applicable to the cleaning industry, it rivets our attention to appropriate areas in which to evalnate solvents and solvent use. 

Experience over the past few years shows that, after a period of stagnation in the seventies, new electrosyntheses are once again being adopted by industry, even if the capacities are fairly small. Whether this trend continues will depend not at last on the development of the chemical industry. The environmental compatibility of electrochemical processes is certainly an asset of the method which will become even more important in the future. 

A drawback for this photogeneration of OH is that H2O2 absorbs solar radiation weakly and thus radical formation is slow. Such a disadvantage is probably offset by the low cost of H2O2, its relatively simple handling requirements, and the environmental compatibility of its decomposition products. 

An Environmental Impact Report is also required for a notification. This is an assessment of the environmental compatibility made by the notifier, and is based on an evaluation of degradation, accumulation and mobility in the environment, effects on microorganisms, plants, animals and ecosystems and long-term indirect effects on humans via the environment. 

Another benefit of this new process is the environmental sustainability since in contrast to the extraction process only 1 kg of hydrochloric acid is needed to receive 1 kg of L-cysteine, which corresponds to an acid reduction of more than 96%. This issue was honoured by the Federation of German Industries (BDI) in June 2008 when Wacker won the environmental prize in the Environmentally Compatible Technology category. 

EEA, European Environment Agency (2007) Estimating the environmentally compatible bioenergy potential from agriculmre. EEA Technical report, n.12/2007. 

The evaluation of the environmental compatibility of chemical substances and preparations is today based on several mainly ecological criteria. When considering... 

The hierarchical energy architecture utilizing the STAR-H2 concept is being devised to meet both the energy resource sustainability and the environmental compatibility tenants of sustainable development [XXIV-13]. 

During the first project phase, the final concept will be fixed by the general contractor in a modified reference concept. This will be detailed in the subsequent design phase and the documents for the licence application will be generated. The application for the dismantling of the AVR plant along with the safety analysis report (Sicherheitsbericht), the final hazards summary report (Sicherheitsbetrachtung), and the environmental compatibility... 

This paper concerns the preparation and the thermomechanical properties of environmentally compatible polymers derived from saccharides and lignins at our laboratory. The above research results have been obtained over the last several years. The environmentally compatible polymers include polyurethane (PU) and poly(8-caprolactone) (PCL) derivatives. PU derivatives were prepared from saccharides and lignins. PCL derivatives were synthesized from lignins, saccharides, cellulose and cellulose acetate. The thermal properties of the above polymers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and TG-Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Mechanical properties were measured by mechanical testing. 

The environmental compatibility aspect is another advantage. MID are generally made of recyclable thermoplastics and pose no difficulties in terms of EOT disposal. Materials consumption and materials diversity, moreover, are reduced. [51]... 

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