The Air Pollution Model

Hurley PJ (2008b) The air pollution model (TAPM) version 4. User manual. CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Vic. Available http //www.cmar.csiro.au/research/tapm/index.html Hurley PJ, Edwards M, Physick WL, Luhar AK (2005). TAPM V3 model description and verification. Clean Air Environ Qual 39(4) 32-36. Available http //www.cmar.csiro.au/ e-print/intemal/hurleypj x2005d.pdf... 

Dynamic meteorological models, much like air pollution models, strive to describe the physics and thermodynamics of atmospheric motions as accurately as is feasible. Besides being used in conjunction with air quaHty models, they ate also used for weather forecasting. Like air quaHty models, dynamic meteorological models solve a set of partial differential equations (also called primitive equations). This set of equations, which ate fundamental to the fluid mechanics of the atmosphere, ate referred to as the Navier-Stokes equations, and describe the conservation of mass and momentum. They ate combined with equations describing energy conservation and thermodynamics in a moving fluid (72) ... 

Cramer, H. E., Improved techniques for modeling the dispersion of tall stack plumes. "Proceedings of the Seventh International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application." North Atlantic Treaty Organization Committee on Challenges of Modern Society. Pub. No. 51. Brussels, 1976. (National Technical Information Service PB-270 799.)... 

In order to build new facilities or expand existing ones without harming the environment, it is desirable to assess the air pollution impact of a facility prior to its construction, rather than construct and monitor to determine the impact and whether it is necessary to retrofit additional controls. Potential air pollution impact is usually estimated through the use of air quality simulation models. A wide variety of models is available. They are usually distinguished by type of source, pollutant, transformations and removal, distance of transport, and averaging time. No attempt will be made here to list aU the models in existence at the time of this writing. 

Turner, D. B, Zimmerman, J. R., and Busse, A. D., An evaluation of some climatological dispersion models, in "Proceedings of the Third Meeting of the Expert Panel on Air Pollution Modeling." North Atlantic Treaty Organization Committee on the Challenges of Modem Society Pub. No. 14. Brussels, 1972. (National Technical Information Service PB 240-574.)... 

Turner, D. B., and Irwin, J. S., Comparison of sulfur dioxide estimates from the model RAM with St. Louis RAPS measurements, in "Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application 11" (C. de Wispelaere, ed.). Plenum, New York, 1982. 

Hawthorne, A., et al. (1987) Models for estimating organic emissions from building materials formaldehyde example. Atmos. Environ. 21, No. 2. Lewis, R. G., et al. (1986) Monitoring for non-occupational exposure to pesticides in indoor and personal respiratory air. Presented at the 79th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Minneapolis, MN. 

Eschenroeder, A., J. Martinez, and R. Nordsieck. A view of future problems in air pollution modeling, pp. 1013-1027. In Proceedings of the 1972 Summer Computer Simulation Conference. Montvale, N.J. American Federation of Information Processing Societies, 1972. 

Motivated by statutory mandates for environmental evaluation of transportation systems. Darling solicited information from each originator of an air pollution model by a questionnaire advertised in the Commerce... 

A broader regulatory application of air quality modeling is the examination of regional plans for abatement of air pollution. Ideally, each plan should be tested by a reliable model that will tell what the pollutant concentrations will be in the future if emission is reduced as specified by the plan. Therefore, alternative approaches must be evaluated both with respect to their effectiveness in cleaning the air and with respect to their social costs, and cost models and possibly even damage models must be used concurrently with the air quality model. Only in this way can a least-cost abatement strategy be implemented. 

MacCracken, M. C., T. V. Crawford, K. R. Peterson, and J. B. Knox. Development of a Multi-box Air Pollution Model and Initial Verification for the San Francisco Bay Area. UCRL-73348. Livermore University of California, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, 1971. 97 pp. 

Moller L, Torndal UB, Eriksson LC, et al. 1989. The air pollutant 2-nitrofuran as initiator and promoter in a liver model for chemical carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 10(3) 435-440. 

Vardoulakis S, Valiantis M, Milner J, ApSimon H (2007) Operational air pollution modelling in the UK - street canyon applications and challenges. Atmos Environ 41 4622 -637... 

Christensen J.H. (1997). The Danish Eulerian hemispheric model A three-dimensional air pollution model used for the Arctic. Atmospheric Environment, 31(24), 4169-4191. 

Saxena, P. Seigneur, C. Pollack, A.K. "A Critical Assessment of Existing Data Bases for Acid Deposition Modeling Studies, Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. Vol. 36,... 

Fingleton, D. J., Tanzman, E. Z., and Bertram, K. M., Development of a Model Emergency Response Plan for Catastrophic Releases of Toxic Gases, Proceedings of the Air Pollution Control Association Annual Meeting (CONF-860606-I9), U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, 1986. 

Both, off-line and on-line coupling of MetMs and ACTMs are useful in different applications. Thus, a timely and innovative field of activity will be to assess their interfaces, and to establish a basis for their harmonization and benchmarking. It will consider methods for the aggregation of episodic results, model down-scaling as well as nesting. The activity will also address the requirements of meso-scale meteorological models suitable as input to air pollution models. 

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