Textile materials simulation

Second, detailed information on the lumped properties, such as permeability, of the textile material to be treated as a single pororrs rrraterial in the rrracro-scale simulations is needed. This can be deduced from a rrricro-scale analysis of the flow through the actual geometry of the textile stmcture. The results from these micro-scale simulations can be used to elucidate the relation between the geometry of the fibre stmcmre, the properties of the flow, and the lumped macroscopic properties of the textile. 

Modeling AND Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer Properties of Textile Materials... 

Li et al. [12] analyzed the thermal characteristics of a three layer wall with microencapsulated PCM polyester fabric by numerical simulations. The simultaneous heat and moisture transfer through a porous building material containing PCM was taken into account by the mathematical model. The study provided an effective way to investigate the thermal properties of porous materials containing PCM, but the simulations were very complicated. The wall consisted of a wooden middle layer to which porous textile material was fixed at the inner and outer side as shown in Figure 11.2. 

Developing simulation programs for textile machines requires both a profound mathematical and technical knowledge of textile processes and textile materials and access to industrial-scale production facilities in order to verify the developed tools. Up until the turn of the millennium, these requirements were comparatively easy to meet in the industrialized world. Since then, the developing world has been gaining ground, and it is expected that more and more computer simulations of textile machines will be developed there in the years to come. 

Coatings and Surface Modifications. Probably the one application of photopolymer chemistry that has the most worldwide commercial value in terms of product sales is the use of photopolymer materials for curable coatings. Most of the wood paneling and less expensive furniture manufactured today utilize UV or electron-beam curable materials for decorative finishes (e.g. simulation of wood grain) and protective coatings. In addition, the surfaces of many commercially important materials (e.g. textile fibers and polyester films) are being modified by photopolymer processes. 

The protocol was tested on prototypes that simulated expected properties of colored archaeological textiles. When applied to artifacts from Seip Mound, some adaptation was required. It was shown that useful information can be gleaned from particulate shed from these fragile materials as well as from strategically located samples. 

The prime factor in choosing an abradant is its relevance to service, but it also has to be available in a convenient form and, for anything but ad hoc tests, it is essential that it be reproducible. In consequence of these considerations, abrasive wheels and papers or cloths predominate where cutting by sharp asperities is to be simulated. The abrasive wheel is probably the most convenient, because of its low cost, its mechanical stability, and the ease with which it can be refaced to maintain a consistent surface. Abrasive papers and cloths are cheap and easy to use but are not so readily refaced and will deteriorate in cutting power more quickly. Although basically low in cost, both wheels and papers are a considerable c.xpense when bought as standard reference materials. Materials such as textiles or smooth metal plates are more relevant for some applications, but they abrade relatively slowly, and if conditions are accelerated they give rise to excessive heat buildup. 

Kastner M, Haasemann G, Ulbricht V. XFEM-modelling and simulation of the inelastic material behaviour of textile-reinforced polymers. Int J Numer Methods Eng 2011 86 477-98. 

The ASTM standard E96, Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials provides a method for determination of water vapour transmission of materials such as paper, plastic films, other sheet materials, fibreboards, gypsum and plaster products, wood products, and plastics. This method has also been used for textiles for quite some time, although it does not simulate the actual wearing conditions of clothing. 

Evaluating antimicrobial treatments of other materials is less easy than checking the preservation of aqueous functional fluids. Help is available, however, from institutes and microbicide suppliers that routinely use a number of standard methods for specific materials, such as plastics, wood, paint films and textiles. The same applies to the testing of disinfectants. The final test, however, is one under practical conditions, which may vary very much according to the place and region and which cannot always be simulated in the laboratory. 

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