Textile chemical degradation

PPS fiber has excellent chemical resistance. Only strong oxidising agents cause degradation. As expected from inherent resia properties, PPS fiber is flame-resistant and has an autoignition temperature of 590°C as determined ia tests at the Textile Research Institute. PPS fiber is an excellent electrical iasulator it finds application ia hostile environments such as filter bags for filtration of flue gas from coal-fired furnaces, filter media for gas and liquid filtration, electrolysis membranes, protective clothing, and composites. 

Com and rice starches have been oxidized and subsequently cyanoethylated (97). As molecular size decreases due to degradation during oxidation, the degree of cyanoethylation increases. The derivatized starch shows pseudoplastic flow in water dispersion at higher levels of cyanoethylation the flow is thixotropic. Com and rice starches have been oxidized and subsequently carboxymethylated (98). Such derivatives are superior in the production of textile sizes. Potato starch has been oxidized with neutral aqueous bromine and fully chemically (99) and physically (100) characterized. Amylose is more sensitive to bromine oxidation than amylopectin and oxidation causes a decrease in both gelatinization temperature range and gelatinization enthalpy. 

Mercerized cellulose fibers have improved luster and do not shrink further. One of the main reasons for mercerizing textiles is to improve their receptivity to dyes. This improvement may result more from the dismption of the crystalline regions rather than the partial conversion to a new crystal stmcture. A good example of the fundamental importance of the particular crystal form is the difference in rate of digestion by bacteria. Bacteria from cattle mmen rapidly digest Cellulose I but degrade Cellulose II very slowly (69). Thus aHomorphic form can be an important factor in biochemical reactions of cellulose as well as in some conventional chemical reactions. 

Dubrow SF, Boardman GD, Michelsen DL (1996) Chemical pretreatment and aerobic-anaerobic degradation of textile dye wastewater. In Reife A, Freeman HS (eds) Environmental chemistry of dyes and pigments. Wiley, New York... 

Marco SL, Albino AD, Ana S et al (2007) Degradation of a textile reactive Azo dye by a combined chemical-biological process Fenton s reagent-yeast. Water Res 41 1103-1109... 

The efficacy of diamond and metal-alloy electrodes for the degradation of the textile dyes Basic yellow 28 and Reactive black 5 was also followed by RP-HPLC. The chemical structures of the textile dyes under investigation are shown in Fig. 3.56. An ODS column (150 X 4.6 mm i.d. particle size 5 jttm) was employed for the RP-HPLC determination of... 

The effect of nanoporous Ti02 thin-film electrodes on the removal and degradation of the reactive textile dye Reactive orange 16 (R3R) was investigated by physicochemical analytical procedures including RP-HPLC. The chemical structure of the dye is shown in Fig. 3.67. Liquid chromatographic measurements were employed for the separation and detection of the decomposition products of the dye. They were realized in an ODS column... 

The effect of the electrochemical treatment on the degradation of some textile dyes was monitored by RP-HPLC. The chemical structures of dyes investigated are shown in Fig. 3.86. 

In any case the wastewater will finally be fed into rivers, lakes, or the sea thus some wastewater treatments have to be performed before the textile effluents are released either to the communal wastewater treatment plant (CWWT) or into the rivers, lakes, and so on. Normally physical and (bio-) chemical treatments (e.g., adjustment of pH, temperature, sedimentation, flocculation) are performed in the textile plant, while the following biological treatment (aerobic, anaerobic degradation) is performed either in the textile plant or in a CWWT. The site of the biological treatment is dependent on the location of the textile plant however, a biological treatment of textile effluents preceding release into surface water is state of the art. 

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