Text data

Numeric databases primarily contain numeric data on chemical compounds, such as physicochemical values and the results of series of measurements. Therefore, the files correspond to printed tables of numeric property data. Since the attributes of numeric data are different from those of text data, the search has to be managed... 

In comparison to laptops and desktops, hand-held computers have much smaller screens. They have limited memory space and computational capability. For these reasons they cannot be used to enter large amounts of text data or perform sophisticated edit checks. The bulk of edit checks are done centrally by a centralized DMS. They are prone to loss or damage, but they have an advantage over laptops and desktops in their ease of mobility. 

On occasion you may find that you need to import data from ASCII text files for analysis. In this section, traditional rectangular ASCII text files are discussed. Although XML files are composed of ASCII text, they pose unique challenges that are discussed later in this chapter. Some examples of ASCII text data that you might need to import include... 

INPUT SAMPLE ADVERSE EVENT DATA WHERE SUBJECT = PATIENT ID AND ADVERSE EVENT = ADVERSE EVENT TEXT. data aes ... 

The first two entries refer to mixed monolayers deposited prior to the electrochemical measurements the last two entries refer to bipyridinium monolayers adsorbed from the electrolyte. J is the peak current in the cathodic and anodic directions for the first redox wave of the bipyridiniums T is the coverage found by integration of the respective cathodic and anodic peaks. The other headings have been defined in the preceding text. Data is omitted where the surface wave is not well-defined relative to the background current. 

Fig. 2.131. Tracing of HPLC chromatograms at 0, 5 and 90 min. The experimental conditions are described in the text. Data are typical results. Reprinted with permission from M. Adachi et al. [302]...

Figure 6. Summary of existing Mo isotope data from natural samples. Isotopic composition of ocean source is based on mass balance (see text). Data are presented as 5 Mo and S Mo relative to the Rochester JMC standard (5 Mo 2/3 x 5 Mo). References ( ) McManus et al. 2002 (t) Siebert et al. 2003 ( ) Barling et ah 2001 ( ) Arnold et al. 2004. Molybdenite values of Wieser and DeLaeter (2003) are omitted because of standard normalization problems (see text). Data obtained by different research groups using different standards are cross-calibrated by comparing seawater 5 values.

No means reported in the text data estimated from the figures provided. Significantly... 

Specific animals have been cross-referenced to Table 1 by cage numbers. Two sets of high-dosage results are given as well as two sets of dermal values which depict different results in the text. Data representation is as in Figure 1. The 4,4 refers to p,p -dichloro-benzophenone 3,4 (which should read 2,4 ) refers to o,p -dichlorobenzophenone. 

Cipher text Data output from the Cipher or input to the Inverse Cipher. 

Table 11 Some values of the ventilation efficiency of a hypothetical homicidal gas chamber , with Zyklon B remaining in the chamber, see text. Data in minutes. ...

Fig. 15. Comparison of experimental (for the CLD-OMet chromophore in PMMA) and theoretical (equilibrium statistical mechanical calculations described in the text) data. Experimental data are denoted by solid diamonds. The solid line theoretical curve was computed without adjustable parameters. Quantitative agreement can be obtained by adjusting parameters (chromophore dipole moment, molecular polarizability, shape, and host dielectric constant) within reasonable limits. The theoretical curve can be broken down into two parts. The purely electronic part of the electrostatic interaction is shown by the dashed line. The steric effect of nuclear repulsive interactions is shown by the dotted line...

Fig. 11.25 <5D-<5lsO plot of the Bunter sandstone wells. The obtained pattern is discussed in the text. (Data from Bath et al., 1979.)... 

Fig. 12.14 Sample locations and 36C1 concentrations (107 atoms/l) for the Milk River study. Geographical groups of concentration values indicate that several distinct water types are involved (see text). (Data from Phillips et al., 1986.)...

If we sum the uses/compound, we get a frequency for each medical use. If we plot the number ot different uses against the frequency ot that use on probability paper or log-log plot, we get a distribution curve. The distribution curves for four different subsets ot the data in appear in (9). Each shows that the data form a tairly straight line over two orders ot magnitude. The curves represent an attempt to tit the points with a normal, rather than a log-normal, distribution. It is obvious that the curves do not tit the points and that therefore the medical use distribution function is log-normal rather than normal. My understanding is that this log-normal distribution is typical ot natural text data bases despite the highly specialized character ot the medical use data base ... 

I have reviewed three methods of clustering text data. Obviously the field is in its infancy, and there is much work that can be done. However, the power of this approach is demonstrated by its simplicity and usefulness. 1 believe that the world of physical data has exploded so much in the last 20 years that the inductive approach can be helpful in organizing it for extrapolation, interpolation, and planning, as well as tor recognizing interactions. In that process the heuristic use of computers can be of tremendous help if we only permit it to help. 

The textual presentation should agree with the tabular data in the document in turn, the tabular data should agree with the data source (which agrees with the case report form and other clinical documentation). This is critical to the scientific merit of the submission. When lack of agreement between in-text data and source documents is found, the entire submission may be suspect, and the reviewer will be inclined to spend much more time evaluating the raw data to be sure of the conclusions. 

With the addition of a shared database to a network, users can now centrally store data, find the data again easily, and report on it. The network extends the database to all users who need the information. Information that is changed by one user is instantly updated for all users. As new information is added to the database, all the users can see it. With a modem database, it is important to note that the data contained within the database need not be limited to plain text data. Text, images, documents, video, sound, and any other information that can be entered into a computer can be stored in a database. 

Check all text, data, and references against the original manuscript. Pay particular attention to equations formulas tables captions spelling of proper names and numbering of equations, illustrations, tables and references. 

In the text, data are given on the changes of volume on melting for certain molten salts. Find out the free space per ion (use a standard compilation of ionic radii). In the text will also be found a table showing some changes of intemuclear distances on melting. What is your conclusion in respect to the type of structure for molten salts ... 

Figure 5 Murine stratum comeum normal full thickness. Powder diffraction patterns obtained from mouse SC at 25°C. The upper figure shows the small-angle lamellar pattern produced by the intercellular lipid domains, with a repeat period of 131 2 A. The lower figure shows the wide-angle pattern produced by the lipid alkyl chains and the comeocyte envelope. See text. (Data from White et al., 1988.)...

Structure and data storage is shown on the right. A structure table contains the structures, their internal identifiers, and their external identifiers, if any. The structures are stored in a compact binary representation that includes the connection table, the coordinates, the ring information, and any stereochemical, valence, isomer, isotope, or bond information. Certain types of structure-specific information such as polymer or component designations are stored here, whereas other types of structure-specific information (atom- or bond-specific data, and more verbose text data) are stored in their own tables, referenced by the internal identifier, and the atom or bond numbers to which the data correspond. A formula table contains the molecular formula and various atom and atom-type indexes to enhance formula searching and sorting. 

Think of the screen as a piece of typing paper. The cursor marks the position where your text/data will be entered and can be moved around the screen by use of the cursor-control keys. When you type, don t worry about running out of space on the line because the text will wrap around to the next line... 

Calculated from ifox and p.Ka data [29a, c[ as mentioned in the text. Data from [31[. 

Figure 1 Mare basalt major elements mg versus T1O2. Note that the apparent himodahty in Ti02 may be misleading (see text) (data are mainly from the compilation of Haskin and Warren, 1991).

Fig. 37. Comparison of the fracture toughness of interfaces between PS and PVP reinforced with a 800-870 dPS-PVP diblock ( ) and with a 580-1620-580 PVP-fo-dPS-fo-PVP triblock ( ). While is quite similar for both block copolymers at low coverage, the triblock is much more effective at higher levels of coverage as explained in the text. Data from [33,46]...

FIGURE 6.3 The phenolic diterpene composition of commercial extracts from rosemary and sage (for extraction solvents used, see text). Data taken from Schwarz et al. (1992). 

To export from Excel, select the columns you wish to export. Copy, change to another application file and Paste. To do the reverse operation, copy the text data, open Excel, put the cursor in one cell, and choose Paste. If the original text hie had tabs in it (is tab delimited), each entry will go into a different cell. If you do not prepare the text hie appropriately, you may get a mess (the whole hie put into one cell or one column. If you create several columns in Word using tabs, you can copy the columns and paste them into the spreadsheet and the entries will go into successive cells. 

MW, molecular weight HBA, number of hydrogen-bond acceptors HBD, number of hydrogen-bond donors RBN, number of rotatable bonds NRG, number of rings (cydomatic number) PSA, partial surface area. Noncited descriptors are defined in the text. Data from [Oprea, Gottfries et al, 2000 Oprea,... 

Lohman, P. H. M., Mendelsohn, M. L., Moore, D. H. II, et al. (1992). A method fa- comparing and combining short-term genotoxicity text data the basic system. Mutat Res 266, 7-25. 

---