Salts mixing

Dicalcium hexakiscyanoferrate [13821 -08 ] Ca2[Fe(CN)g], is formed as yellow crystals by reaction of Hquid or gaseous HCN with iron(II) chloride in water containing Ca(OH)2 or CaCO and having pH > 8. It is used to prevent caking of other substance and serves as a useful starting material in the preparation of other [Fe(CN)g] salts. Examples of mixed salts include calcium dicesium hexakiscyanoferrate [15415-35-7] CaCs2[Fe(CN)g], and calcium dipotassium hexakiscyanoferrate [20219-00-5] CaK2[Fe(CN)g]. 

PbO PbO H2O, for example, may be formed by boiling suspensions of lead oxide and lead sulfate in water. In addition, complex mixed salts, such as white lead, 2PbC02 Pb(OH)2, are readily formed. 

Ammonium Iron(III) Oxalate. This mixed salt [29696-35-3] (NH 2 E (C2 4)3] 374.04, is produced as an emerald-green crystalline... 

In some cases the mixed salts ate unstable and eliminate an ester (60) ... 

Cobalt pigments are usually produced by mixing salts or oxides and calcining at temperatures of 1100—1300°C. The calcined product is then milled to a fine powder. In ceramics, the final color of the pigment maybe quite different after the clay is fired. The materials used for the production of ceramic pigments are... 

As shown in Fig. 18-57, the mutual solubility of two salts can be plotted on the X and Y axes with temperatures as isotherm hues. In the example shown, all the solution compositions corresponding to 100°C with solid-phase sodium chloride present are shown on the Tine DE, All the solution compositions at equihbrium with solid-phase KCl at 100°C are shown by the line EE If both sohd-phase KCl and NaCl are present, the solution composition at equilibrium can only be represented by point E, which is the invariant point (at constant pressure). Connecting all the invariant points results in the mixed-salt hne. The locus of this line is an important consideration in making phase separations. 

Hydrated forms of the hydroxide ion have been much less well characterized though the monohydrate [H302] has been discovered in the mixed salt Na2[NEt3Me][Cr PhC(S)=N-(0) 3]. NaH302.18H20 which formed when [NEt3Me]I was added to a solution of tris(thiobenzohydroximato)chromate(III) in aqueous NaOH. ° The compound tended to lose water at room temperature but an X-ray study identified the centro-symmetric [HO-H-OH] anion shown in Fig. 14.15. The central O-H-O bond is very short indeed (229 pm) and is... 

Recent information on the behaviour of niobium in molten salts is sparse and confined to a few specific, mixed-salt environments . 

A solution of potassium hydroxide is prepared by dissolving 122 g. (2.2 moles 1.5 times the theoretical amount) of potassium hydroxide in 700 cc. of 95 per cent methyl alcohol (Note 1) contained in a 2-1. round-bottomed flask provided with a reflux condenser. To this alkaline solution is added 100 g. (0.36 mole) of a, /3-dibromosuccinic acid (p. 17), and the mixture is refluxed for one hour and fifteen minutes on a steam bath. The reaction mixture is cooled and filtered with suction. The mixed salts are washed with 200 cc. of methyl alcohol (Note 2), and dried by pressing between filter papers when dry the product weighs 144-150 g. 

Other useful solid-state electrodes are based on silver compounds (particularly silver sulfide). Silver sulfide is an ionic conductor, in which silver ions are the mobile ions. Mixed pellets containing Ag2S-AgX (where X = Cl, Br, I, SCN) have been successfiilly used for the determination of one of these particular anions. The behavior of these electrodes is determined primarily by the solubility products involved. The relative solubility products of various ions with Ag+ thus dictate the selectivity (i.e., kt] = KSp(Agf)/KSP(Aw)). Consequently, the iodide electrode (membrane of Ag2S/AgI) displays high selectivity over Br- and Cl-. In contrast, die chloride electrode suffers from severe interference from Br- and I-. Similarly, mixtures of silver sulfide with CdS, CuS, or PbS provide membranes that are responsive to Cd2+, Cu2+, or Pb2+, respectively. A limitation of these mixed-salt electrodes is tiiat the solubility of die second salt must be much larger than that of silver sulfide. A silver sulfide membrane by itself responds to either S2- or Ag+ ions, down to die 10-8M level. 

Miniaturization, 128, 163, 193 Minigrid electrode, 41, 52 Mixed-salt electrodes, 159 Modified electrodes, 118, 121 Monensin, 155 Monolayers, 117, 118, 173 Multichannel electrodes, 93, 94 Multipotentiostat, 106, 198 Mutation detection, 185... 

Copper is resistant to oxidation, but over the course of time the metal acquires a coating of green corrosion called patina. The green compound is a mixed salt of Cu , hydroxide, sulfate, and carbonate that is formed by air oxidation in the presence of carbon dioxide and small amounts of sulfur dioxide ... 

The nature of the solidification process in these cements has received little attention. Rather, attention has focussed on the crystalline components that form in cements which have been allowed to equilibrate for some considerable time the nature of such phases is now quite well understood. Gelation is reasonably rapid for these cements and occurs within a significantly shorter time than does development of crystalline phases. The conclusion may be drawn that initial cementition is not the same as crystallization, but must occur with the development of an essentially amorphous phase. Reactions can continue in the amorphous gelled phase, but are presumably limited in speed by the low diffusion rates possible through such a structure. However, reactions are able to proceed substantially to completion, since in many cases X-ray diffraction has demonstrated almost quantitative conversion of the parent compounds to complex crystalline mixed salts, though several days or weeks of equilibration are required to bring this about. 

XRD analysis on sulfated ash residue of new additive packages in lubricating oils has indicated the presence of nonstoichiometric mixed salts of the elements Mg, Ca, Zn, P and B [60],... 

At the age of 42, Leblanc took up the challenge. He knew what the first step should be. As a chloride, sodium is extremely stable, but he thought he might be able to modify sodium sulfate. So Leblanc mixed salt with sulfuric acid to make sodium sulfate and hydrochloric acid ... 

The compound (formulated as the double salt, (fuel + oxidant), rather than the mixed salt) may be formed during the preparation of lead bromate from lead acetate and... 

Addition of alkali to the mixed salts liberates hydrazine which is vigorously oxidised to nitrogen gas. 

Methylsull anyT I //-tetrazole was found to crystallize in a monoclinic form, and could be sublimed into an orthorhombic form, with the structures differing in the relative polarity of the molecular layers in the two forms [47]. /) -1 o d o a ce t o p h e n one was found to crystallize in two polymorphs that both contained C—H-re points of contact, but where the contacts were shorter in one form than in the other [48]. A second monoclinic modification of the mixed salt benzimidazolium 3-carboxyphe-noxyacetate 3-carboxyphenoxyacetic acid was reported, where the acid hydrogen atom and the two monoanions comprised a carboxylate monoanion/neutral molecule in which the acid proton was disordered between the two anionic units [49]. 

Aqueous mixed salt systems, 9 36 Aqueous ozonation reactions, rate of, 17 779... 

Onda, K. Sada, E. Kobayashi, T. Kita, S. Ito, K. "Solubility of Gases in Aqueous Solutions of Mixed Salts,"... 

Tetraphenylarsonium pertechnetate is precipitated in the presence of perchlorate as the carrier. The mixed salts are disolved in concentrated sulfuric acid and the solution is electrolyzed at platinum electrodes. The black deposit (TcOj) obtained is dissolved in perchloric acid, technetium heptoxide is distilled out of the solution... 

If it is assumed that adsorption of one of the insoluble salts on the surface of another does not occur and that no mixed salts are formed, the dependence of the membrane potential on the activity of one of the ions in the presence of the other will differ markedly from that depicted in fig. 3.2. Here, the resultant dependences should be linear with an intercept at point a - = (FjBlFtA)ttA ... 

Horita I, Cole D. R., and Wesolowski D. I (1993b). The activity-composition relationship of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in aqueous salt solutions, II Vapor-liquid water equilibration of mixed salt solutions from 50 to 100°C and geochemical implications. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57 4703-4711. 

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