Testbed

Pig. 1. An integrated high concentration photovoltaic array that achieved a solar conversion efficiency exceeding 20% in a 2000-W testbed (7). 

Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells, which convert incident solar radiation directly into electrical energy, today represent the most common power source for Earth-orbiting spacecraft, such as the International Space Station, where a photovoltaic engineering testbed (PET) is actually assembled on the express pallet. The solid-state photovoltaics, based on gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, or silicon, prove capable, even if to different extents and with... 

While potential attacks on all modes of transportation are of concern, the Committee on Assessment of Security Technologies for Transportation believes that the U.S. air transportation system continues to have a high priority for counterterrorism resources, both because of its economic importance and because of the intensified public perception of risk following the September 11, 2001, attacks. The air transportation system can also serve as a testbed for the development of defensive technologies and strategies that can subsequently be applied to other transportation modes. 

The work on diamond is important both from an experimental and a theoretical viewpoint. Since the carbon atoms that make up diamond are simpler to deal with theoretically, some calculations on hydrogen and muonium in diamond are considered to be more reliable than similar calculations on higher-Z materials. Thus diamond can be used as a testbed for new ideas on simple defects such as muonium or hydrogen and the associated theoretical methods. For example, the first theoretical confirmation of the BC model of Mu and the metastablility of Mu was made for diamond (Claxton et al., 1986 Estle et al., 1986 Estle et al., 1987). 

Crosshatch Adhesion (Percent removed)3 Impact testb Front Back (in-lbs) Balanced Beamc (Mass to scratch to bare metal) Salt Fogd 500 h, 49 °C... 

For testing purposes, testbeds can be written that execute the postconditions and invariants defined in the requirements models. These talk in terms of the abstract model s attributes, so the abstraction functions will be needed to get their values. 

We make specifications of each component again, they may already exist, or we may build them from our understanding of the components. In dire cases, this means reverseengineering models for these components, experimenting with them in testbeds. The process of formalizing the spec exposes the questions that need to be answered. 

Thus this system could provide a very instructive testbed to examine the performance of... 

The ordinary testB for quinin, as mentioned above, distinguish between that alkaloid and quinidin on the one hand, and cinchonin, cinchonidin, and cinchoni-cin on the other. 

The author s research was supported in part by NIH grants HL59956 from the NHLBI, EY12962 from the NEI, and AI44567 from the NIAID and by a grant from the National Medical Technology Testbed. 

In connection with the SHEBA project, the U.S. Department of Energy s Atmosphere Radiation Measurement (ARM) program indicated its intention to develop a Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) facility on the North Slope of Alaska. The principal focus of this program will be on atmospheric radiative transport, especially as modified by clouds (such transport impacts the growth and decay of sea ice), as well as testing, validation, and comparison of radiation transfer models in both the ice pack and Arctic coastal environment. 

Cloud And Radiation Testbed Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach Canadian Arctic Shelf Ecosystem Study Cloud/Column... 

Primary consumer Cladoceran testb Ceriodaphnia dubia assay Acute motility inhibition (after a 48-h exposure) Environment Canada, 1990... 

Secondary consumer Cnidarian testb Hydra attenuata assay Acute lethality (after a 96-h exposure) Blaise and Kusui, 1997... 

The beauty of organic chemistry is that practitioners can easily make hundreds of different molecules by changing the structure of one partner in a multi-step synthesis. The problem is that the pace of synthesis can easily overrun the ability of the device engineers to test the molecules in the appropriate testbeds. Nanopores are not easy to fabricate and the yield of working devices is not very high. The development of testbeds that can be fabricated reproducibly in high yields is work that in ongoing in many labs. 

TestB Acid neutralization test. The same three field test formulations, identical in every way except for the detergent, were treated with 5 TAN of oleic acid (a weak organic acid) and titrated for TAN by method D664. In addition, the same amount of acid was added to the base oil as a reference. As shown in Table 6.7, the magnesium sulfonate did not reduce the TAN at all over the base oil case. The greatest reduction in TAN was observed with calcium phenate, but calcium sulfonate also provided a meaningful reduction in TAN. This is the same ranking as the TAN increase observed in the field test. 

It might appear that the simplest possible type of system to which ALPH might apply is a system with one lone pair only, and which does not involve a proton transfer. Reactions of a-substituted amines, or their microscopic reverse, nucleophilic additions to iminium ions, thus suggest themselves as suitable testbeds for ALPH, but the information on such systems is sparse. Stevens (1984) has studied the addition of carbon nucleophiles to tetra-hydropyridinium salts from the standpoint of utility in organic synthesis, and found a preference for axial attack, in accord with ALPH (Scheme 4). 

L/V ratio. Most packed-column efficiency testing has been at total reflux, Some testB for both random (3,61,115) and structured packings (3,32,116) suggest that efficiencies at finite reflux are similar to those at total reflux. 

Covered Beaker Testb Open Beaker Test ... 

Chemical Au content Initial After durability testb... 

Sheridan P. J., Delene D. J., and Ogren J. A. (2001) Four years of continuous surface aerosol measurements from the department of energy s atmospheric radiation measurement program southern great plains cloud and radiation testbed site. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 20735-20747. 

In addition, fleet commanders, wherever possible, should exercise the forward-deployable medical laboratories and direct that the lessons learned be incorporated into fleet instructions governing the equipping of medical facilities afloat and the training of their personnel. This laboratory represents an ideal testbed for defining the utility and fieldability of new diagnostic technologies. 

There has been a number of efforts toward building collections of evaluation scenarios. There is an unquestionable value to these collections. The ability of a mapping method or tool to successfully execute the evaluation scenarios is a clear indication of its practical value. By successful execution, we mean that the tool is able to generate the expected output as described by the evaluation scenario. Although these collections are built based on criteria such as popularity, community acceptance, or by contributions of interested parties and by the user base, they often lack systematic categorization of the cases they test. For instance, they may have multiple evaluation scenarios testing the same feature of the tool, or they may provide no generalized test patterns. For that reason, this kind of collections are typically termed as testbeds or standardized tests. 

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