Test system schematic representation

Figure 16.1. Schematic representation of the yeast two-hybrid system for evaluation of protein-protein interactions. Haploid yeast of a and a cells can mate to form (a/a) diploid cells. (A) If two test proteins, PT1 and PT2—expressed in (a/a) diploid cells as fusion proteins of DNA binding domains (DAB) and activation domains (AD) of yeast gene-transcript activator proteins—bind to each other, the binding interaction allows the diploid cells to grow in histidine selection media. Histidine selection media is permissive for diploid cells that express the HISS reporter gene only if PT1 and PT2 interact. (B) If PT1 and PT2 do not interact, no HISS gene product is expressed and the hybrid cell cannot grow in histidine media.

Fig. 7. Schematic representation of examples of test geometries used. Open systems channel, rotating disc (Hoyt 1972, 1986). Closed systems pipe flow, couette- or searle-systems (Kulicke 1986)...

Figure 1.7. Schematic representation showing a DMFC testing system...

Figure 10.5.30 Schematic Representation of Standard U-Tube-type Model Membrane System Used to Test the Anion Carrier Capability of a Given Expanded Porphyrin System (Illustrated with a Generalized Nucleotide Serving as the Putative Substrate).

Figure 13 is a schematic representation of the three electrode system normally used in electrochemical polarization studies. This system includes two separate electrical circuits. One of these, between the test and reference electrodes, is a voltage measuring... 

The test equipment of crystal type of gas hydrates consists of a laser Raman spectrometer, gas supply system, jacketed cooling type high-pressure visual cell, temperature control system, data acquisition and other parts. The experiment using a laser Raman spectrometer for the JY Co. in French produced Lab RAM HR-800 type visible confocal Raman microscope spectrometer. Laboratory independently designed a cooled jacket visible in situ high-pressure reactor, reactor with sapphire window to ensure full transparency of laser, and high pressure performance, visual reactor effective volume 3 ml, compression 20 MPa effective volume, to achieve characteristics of gas hydrate non-destructive and accurate measurement. The schematic representation of equipment is shown in Eigure 1. 

One such onboard rapid monitoring system was developed recently and field tested in Queensland, Australia [42]. A schematic representation of the system is shown in Figure 1.8. 

Figure 6.16 Schematic representation of typical locus of joint failure in single lap joints upon testing a good adhesive system.

Schematic representation of test systems to determine the fraction of oral dose available to microorganisms (from VICH GL 36).

The process of field validation and testing of models was presented at the Pellston conference as a systematic analysis of errors (6. In any model calibration, verification or validation effort, the model user is continually faced with the need to analyze and explain differences (i.e., errors, in this discussion) between observed data and model predictions. This requires assessments of the accuracy and validity of observed model input data, parameter values, system representation, and observed output data. Figure 2 schematically compares the model and the natural system with regard to inputs, outputs, and sources of error. Clearly there are possible errors associated with each of the categories noted above, i.e., input, parameters, system representation, output. Differences in each of these categories can have dramatic impacts on the conclusions of the model validation process. 

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