Test on stomach contents

Direct Tests on Stomach Contents. Odour, colour, and pH. Characteristic smells may indicate the presence of substances such as camphor, cresol, cyanide, etiianol and otiier organic solvents, ethchlorvynol, methyl salicyl-ate, paraldehyde, and phenelzine. A high pH may indicate ingestion of alkali. Undegraded tablets or capsules should be retrieved and examined separately. A green or blue colour suggests the presence of iron salts. 2.Salicylates—Trinder s test To 2ml of tiie sample add 2ml of O.IM hydrochloric acid, boil for 10 minutes, filter if necessary, neutralise the filtrate with... 

Diphenylacetylindandione, 557 Diphenylamine Test, 132 Diphenylamine test, on stomach contents, 5 on urine, 5... 

Dipropylsulphamoylbenzoic acid, 923 Diprosone, 393 Dipyrida, 562 Dipyridamole, 562 Dipyrone, 563 Diquat, 83, 564 mass spectrometry, 81 test on stomach contents, 6, 24 test on urine, 5, 24 Diquat dibromide, 86, 564 Diquat diene, 80 Diquat monoene, 80 Direma, 663 Direxiode, 547 Dirythmin, 565 Disalcid, 967... 

Ditan, 897 Ditaven, 541 Dithiazanine iodide, xvii Dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid solution, 1169 Dithionite test, on stomach contents, 6 on urine, 5 Dithranol, 567 Dithranol acetate, 568 Dithranol triacetate, 568 Dithrocream, 567 Dithrolan, 567, 965 Dithylinum, 998 Ditrazini citras, 538 Ditrosol, 555 Diubram, 454 Diucardin, 667 Diucen-H, 663 Diuchlor H, 663 Diulo, 111 Diumide-K, 634 Diupres, 454, 958 Diural, 634 Diuresal, 634 Diuret, 454... 

Ethazol, 985 Ethbenzamide, 590 Ethchlorvynol, 22,594 quantification in plasma, 17 test on stomach contents, 6 test on urine, 5 Ethebenecid, 595 Ethenzamide, 590 Ether, 595 Etherone, 598 Ethiazide, 595 Ethidium bromide, 661 Ethinamate, 596 Ethinyl estradiol, 596 Ethinylnortestosterone, 823 Ethinyloestradiol, 596 Ethinyloestradiolmethyl ether, 739 Ethinyltestosterone, 598 Ethiofencarb, 83 Ethionamide, 597 Ethionamide sulphoxide, 598 Ethirimol, 83 Ethisterone, 598 Ethocaine, 925 Ethoforme, 382 Ethofumesate, 83... 

Ferric ammonium sulphate solution, 1169 Ferric chloride solution, 1169 Ferric Chloride (test), 133 Ferric iron, test on stomach contents, 5 Ferricyanide test on stomach contents, 5 Ferrioxamine, 516... 

Phenothiazines, colour tests, 134 gas chromatography, 198 high pressure liquid chromatography, 219 metabolism, 288 published infra-red spectra, 250 tests on stomach contents, 6 tests on urine, 4, 25 thin-layer chromatography, 174 Phenoxene, 458... 

Salicylates, test on blood, 6 test on stomach contents, 5 test on urine, 4 Salicylazosulphapyridine, 993 Salicylic acid, 26, 965 in horse urine, 96 (metabolite), 362, 763, 967 quantification in plasma, 26 Salicylic acid acetate, 361 Salicylideneisonicotinohydrazide, 966 Salicylosalicylic acid, 967 Salicyluric acid, 362, 966 Saligel, 965 Salinazid, 966 Salipran, 376 Salisulf, 993... 

Scopolamine methylnitrate, 675 Scopolia, 674 Scopos, 674 SCOT columns, 182 Screening, for diuretics, 32 for drugs of abuse, 27 for laxatives, 32 for solvent abuse, 31 tests on blood, 6 tests on stomach contents, 5 tests on urine, 4 Scuroforme, 419 S-Diazine, 982 S-Dimidine, 984 SDMO, 991 SE-30, 180 Sea-legs, 724 Sebizon, 981 Secadrex, 309, 663 Secbutobarbital, 967 Secbutobarbitone, 967 Secbutobarbitone sodium, 968 Seclodin, 677 Secobarbital, 951 Secobarbital sodium, 951... 

Triavil, 346, 866 Triazine herbicides, 79 Triazolam, 1038 Triazolophthalazine, 662 Tribiotic, 369 Tributyl citrate, 199 Trichlorbutanolum, 444 Trichlorethylene, 1040 Trichlormethiazide, 1039 Trichloro compounds, 27 test on stomach contents, 6 test on urine, 5... 

Trimethyltrifluoromethylphenothiazinylpropylamine, 1043 Trimethyltrioxane, 851 Trimetozine, 1050 Trimipramine, 1051 test on stomach contents, 6 test on urine, 5 Trimipramine maleate, 1051 Trimogal, 1049 Trimolide, 1050 Trimone Sublets, 598,773 Trimopan, 1049 Trimovate, 476 Trimox, 348 Trimpex, 1049 Trimstat, 876... 

A useful qualitative screening test for salicylic acid is performed by adding a few drops of glacial acetic acid or 0.1N hydrochloric acid to 1 ml of urine, followed by 3 drops of 10% ferric chloride solution. A burgundy red color appears and persists if salicylic acid is present (color may turn reddish brown in the presence of phenothiazines). A serum salicylate level can be obtained in most laboratories. Commerically available test strips may be used with urine as well as serum or plasma to determine the presence of salicylic acid. These tests react only with salicylic acid and therefore do not work on stomach contents or pills, but any salicylate is hydrolyzed in the body to salicylic acid and would be present as such in blood or urine (15). 

Direct Tests on Urine, Stomach Contents, and Blood... 

Sodium and potassium chlorates are popular weedkillers which are highly toxic after oral ingestion. Cyanosis and methaemoglobinaemia are common features of poisoning with these substances. A test for oxidising agents in stomach contents is given on p. 5. 

The clinical features of overdose with etiichlorvynol resemble those due to poisoning with other hypnotics, but coma is often prolonged and accompanied by severe respiratory depression. Ethchlorvynol has a pungent odour which is often detected in the stomach contents. A qualitative test for ethchlorvynol in stomach contents is given on p. 6. A gas chromatographic mediod for the quantification of ethchlorvynol in plasma is given on p. 17. 

Test for Carbamates in Stomach Contents Acidify a portion of the sample widi 2M hydrochloric acid, extract with four times its volume of chloroform, separate the chloroform layer, and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 0.5 ml of ethanol and spot a 0.1-ml portion on to a filter paper stain the spot with 0.01 ml oifurfuraldehyde solution, allow to dry, and expose the paper to the fumes of hydrochloric acid for 2 to 3 minutes. A black spot indicates die presence of a carbamate. Meprobamate can be detected and quantified by gas chromatography (p. 15). 

Paraquat and diquat are readily detected in urine or stomach contents by the test given on p. 5. 

Certain of the tests described here may be carried out by the micro technique (E. G. C. Clarke and M. Williams, J. Pharm. Pharmac., 1955, 7, 255-262). This applies particularly to Mandelin s Test, Marquis Test, and the Sulphuric Acid test. Information on the direct application of colour tests to urine, blood, and stomach contents can be found under Hospital Toxicology and Drug Abuse Screening (p. 4). Where an extraction procedure has been carried out with the production of acidic and basic fractions (see p. 11), the tests below may be applied to the evaporated extracts. 

A tentative diagnosis can be made based on clinical signs and history. However, a positive diagnosis can only be made by identifying strychnine in the stomach contents, viscera, or blood. The drug can be identified by chemical tests and microscopic identification of typical strychnine crystals. 

Drug contamination In India, a 39-year-old man with jaundice developed vomiting and severe abdominal pain after consuming 10-15 ml of kadda (in local language) every morning on an empty stomach for 10 days [24" ]. Lead poisoning was confirmed when the blood lead concentration was measured. A combination of chelation therapy and nutritional supplements reduced the body lead burden. Tlie original syrup had been consumed and could not be tested for lead content. 

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