Terminologies and Definitions

The following terminology and definitions commonly used in the fertilizer industry are limited to those whose meaning might not be obvious from usual dictionary definitions. 

Fertilizer - In the simplest terminology, a material, the main function of which is to provide plant nutrients. 

In Japan, fertilizer is defined as being any substance that is applied to the soil for the purpose of supplying 

In the Republic of the Philippines, the term fertilizer includes substances (either solid or liquid), nutrient elements (either organic or inorganic, single or in combination), and any materials applied directly to the soil for the purpose of promoting plant growth, increasing crop yields, or promoting their quality. 

In Thailand, fertilizer means an organic or inorganic substance, whether of natural formation or produced through any method whatsoever, that is used as a nutrient element for plants or for causing a chemical change in the soil for the growth of plants. 

It is important to define the terms used in regulatory guidelines when discussing method validation. In the following definitions, the italic portions are quoted directly from the ICH guideline.  

Accuracy. The accuracy of an analytical procedure expresses the closeness of agreement between the value which is accepted either as a conventional true value or an accepted reference value and the value found. Method accuracy is the agreement between the difference in the measured analyte concentrations of fortified and unfortified samples. the fortification procedure is called spiking.  

Precision. The precision of an analytical procedure expresses the closeness of agreement between a series of measurements from multiple sampling of the same homogeneous sample under prescribed conditions. Precision may be considered at three levels Repeatability, intermediate precision, and reproducibility.  

Repeatability. Repeatability expresses the precision under the same operating conditions over a short interval of time.  

Intermediate precision. Intermediate precision expresses within laboratories variations Different days, different analysts, different equipment, etc.  

TABLE 63 Main Environments in Which Plastic Litter is Found 

Environment Aerobic Temperature Other contributing mechanisms 

Natnral environments Snrface soil Yes Ambient (7) Photo-thermal oxidation 

Marine snrface water Yes Slightly r Photo-thermal oxidation 

Marine coastal sediment Yes Slightly r Hydrolysis, biodegradation 

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Generally accepted terminology and definitions are given alphabetically in the following paragraphs. 

Use concrete examples with familiar notations, while still enforcing strict rules about terminology and definitions, to review and interpret formal models for customers who may not want to see models. Strictly separate external and internal views. 

A variety of technical terms are used throughout this manuscript. Most of these terms are familiar and known by those who have worked in the petroleum industry for a few years. The purpose of providing this glossary is to focus on the terminology and definitions which are the most useful when describing fuel performance problems. 

Waters Corporation (2004), Validation Guidelines Terminology and Definitions, available http //www.waters.com/WatersDivision. 

Establish an international harmonized system for terminology and definitions for reproductive and developmental toxicity. 

Previously the authors have brought into discussion principles for traceability in chemical analysis [1], In this Journal is also the first part of this contribution [2] on protocols for traceability of analytical-chemical measurements. This first part is intended mainly for specialists who develop such protocols. It deals with terminology and definitions used when describing protocols for traceability1. These terms are mostly taken from recognized literature sources [3-7], Analysts, who want to judge the applicability of an established protocol and to use it, will be familiar with most of these terms and find others self explanatory. They may, nev-... 

A Necessary Digression Terminology and Definitions Associated with Water-Solute Relationships... 

It is noted that in different areas the use of terminology to describe structure and properties of carbons is quite different. Within the carbon-science community a clear system of terminology and definitions was elaborated which is recommended whenever applicable [37, 38]. 

The mathematics of Fourier transformation is not too difficult to understand, but it is important to realise that different audiors use slightly different terminology and definitions, especially widi regard to constants in the transform. When reading a paper or text, consider diese factors very carefully and always check that the result is realistic. We will adopt a number of definitions as follows. 

Scottish Medical Journal 36 76-82 Easton JD, Albers GW, Gaplan LR et al. (2004). Discussion Reconsideration of TLA terminology and definitions. Neurology 62 S29-S34 Elliott WJ (1998). Circadian variation in the timing of stroke onset a meta-analysis. 

Working with these five documents is not easy they use different terminology and definitions and have different emphases that in part, may be a function of the 10-year span that encompasses publication dates. All of them are concerned with controlling microbiological contamination that may arise from the environment, from personnel, and from materials and equipment. Some individual standards within these documents may relate to microbial numbers, others to physical characteristics that relate to contamination control. 

Abstract The fact that various definitions and terminology applied to measurements in analytical chemistry are not always consistent and straightforward, by not only answering the question what , but also how , leads to their various interpretations. This results in non-uniform implementation of very basic and essential metrological principles in chemistry. Such a diverse situation is not conducive to the endorsement of harmonised measurements all across the world, to serve as a tool for improving the quality of life in its broadest sense for all its citizens. The discussion in this paper is focused on problems associated with terminology and definitions of reference material and validation . 

As reference materials can serve different purposes, it is of essential importance to agree on the terminology and definitions for each specific term. As it stands now, the definitions might be interpreted in at least two different ways, as shown on Fig. 1. If the definitions are un-... 

Terminology and definitions related to reference materials and validation as well as their implementation in practice has been discussed in this paper. Several attempts are going on at the international scene to harmonise the definitions and their implementation in practice, which should, hopefully lead to comparable measurements in chemistry on an international scale. However, as the topic is very broad in its scope and extremely complicated, progress seems to be slower than desired, but would expectedly lead to complementary and consistent definitions. Therefore, it is not yet possible to give definite answers to all the questions stated in this paper as they are still under discussion at international level, but nevertheless, the following conclusions can be given. 

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Terminology and Definitions for Use in NCCLS Documents Approved Standard. NCCLS Document NRSCL08-A. Wayne, PA National Committee for Chnical Laboratory Standards, 1998. 

In this chapter I attempt to distinguish between models that differ due to substantially different physical mechanisms from those that merely use different terminology. Consequently, the following section on terminology and definitions precedes the description of the mechanistic models and experimental examples. 

O. Delgardo-Friedrichs and M. O Keeffe, Crystal nets as graphs terminology and definitions. J. Solid State Chemistry, 178, 2480-2485 (2005). 

But the question remains as to what const outes no residue." Currie (] ) examined the corresponding problem of detection limits in radiochemical procedures and was frustrated by the differences in terminology and definitions which resulted in a range of three orders of magnitude for detection limits calculated for the same system. Figure 4, taken from his paper, shows the situation with respect to a specific radioactivity process. The horizontal lines indicate three specific levels L, "decision limit," the level a signal must exceed to permit a decision as to whether or not the result of an analysis indicates detection Lj), "detection limit," the level above which an analytical procedure can be relied upon to lead to detection and Lq, "determination limit," the level above... 

Fibers, yarns, threads, cords, rope, cloth and other fabricated textile materials and the methods of test, terminology, and definitions relating thereto Textile industry raw materials, auxiliaries and chemical products required for processing and testing... 

AAML 1994. Management Information Report MIR 3 Computerized Maintenance Management Systemsfor Clinical Engineering. Arlington, VA, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. Bauld T.J. 1987. Productivity Standard terminology and definitions. /. Clin. Eng. 12 139. 

The rapid rise in use of credit derivatives has contributed to the liquidity and depth of this market worldwide. It has also fostered the adoption of standardized terms and definitions. Terminology and definitions in credit derivative contracts have been developed and harmonized in recent years and assisted in the takeup of these products by a variety of financial and nonfinancial institutions. The need for appropriate credit derivatives definitions have been considered by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA). ISDA s definitions and terms are used in the confirmations and termsheets for most credit derivative transactions. 

Terminology and definitions to characterize viscosity are summarized in Table 7.4. 

The starting materials are long-chain rubbers. DIN 53001 covers the special terminology and definitions on rubbers and elastomers. ... 

This exercise has highlighted important points about concentration and mixing. Mixing allows us to achieve new points and expand from an initially small fixed set. This idea is central to AR theory—mixing allows one to achieve many solution states from a smaller set of achievable points. Let us extend on the ideas presented so far and formalize them into concrete terminology and definitions. 

International standards not only enable to apply common risk terminology and definitions, but there are also appropriate tools developed in industry, for example ... 

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