Tergitol nonionic surfactant

Downers Grove, IL,USA) was dissolved in methylene chloride to a concentration of 25 mg/mL. Benzoyl peroxide (Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI) was dissolved to a concentration of 10 ug/uL in dry methylene chloride and stored at -20 C. Cholesterol (Lot 23F-7080, Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) was dissolved in methylene chloride to a concentration of 1 ug/uL. A sample of Tergitol nonionic surfactant-9, USP name Nonoxynol-9, (Union Carbide, S. Charleston, WV) was agitated, and an aliquot was taken to prepare a 3% (w/v) solution in methylene chloride. Samples of two different lots of food-grade siloxanes (DC200- 500 cSt, Dow Corning Corp., Midland, MI) were prepared with a concentration of 8% w/w in methylene chloride. 

Application of SFC-MS to a Drug-Related Problem. Tergitol nonionic surfactant-9 (USP name Nonoxynol-9 abbreviated here TNS-9) is an important active ingredient and surfactant in a number of drug formulations. 

Figure 6. SFC-FID chromatogram of Tergitol Nonionic Surfactant-9. Conditions 10 m X 50 urn i.d. X 0.1 tim film DB-17 column, column temperature = lOO C, detector temperature = 70 C, pressure program = 150 atm for 5 min, ramp to 360 atm at 3 atm/min.

This behavior shows that the dimensions of these polymers are independent of pH, ionic strength (in the ranges studied) and presence or absence of Tergitol or polyethyleneoxide. This result is of considerable help in interpretation of GPC behavior since in the absence of polymer-glass substrate interactions, the molecular weight calibration curves (log MW vs. elution volume) should be independent of pH, ionic strength or the two nonionic surfactants investigated. 

Figure 1. Intrinsic viscosities for nonionic polyacrylamides in water and aqueous solutions of various pH and ionic strength ((%, 4) water (, O, m) aqueous solutions (pH range 2,5 7.0 and ionic strength range 0,013-. 503) containing a nonionic surfactant (either Tergitol or polyethylene oxide = 300,000))...

Surfactants are major compounds that reach the subsurface alone or accompanying other contaminants. Their effect depends highly on the solution chemishy. For example. Park and Bielefeldt (2003) report the partitioning of Tergitol a nonionic surfactant, and pentachlorophenol (PCP), from nonaqueous phase hquid (NAPL) to an aqueous solution. Enhanced PCP dissolution into water from the NAPL was... 

Then, with a moderate stirring speed, add 4.00 g of Cellosize hydroxy-ethyl cellulose WP-300 (a protective colloid), 2.00 g of Tergitol NP-40, 2.60 g of Tergitol NP-15 (two nonionic surfactants), 2.20 g of Alcolac Siponate DS-4 (an anionic surfactant), an 0.40 g of ammonium bicarbonate. 

Rein, H. T. American Dyestuff Reporter, 1967, Nov. 20, 55. Union Carbide Corp., Textile and Paper Chemicals, "TergitolS 15-S Nonionic Surfactants for Use in Textile Lubricants , 1973, F-44456. 

Furthermore, aggregates of nonionic surfactants like polyoxyethylene alkyl/aryl ethers of the Tergitol, Triton, and Brij series were used as templates for the formation of mesoporous silica materials in neutral or acidic media. The pore diameters of the materials that can be obtained with these surfactants are restricted to around 5.5 nm. The advantages of these surfactants over triblock copolymers are that they are cheap, nontoxic, and biodegradable. An overview of the most commonly used SDAs is compiled in Table 3.1. 

In another recent study, Chen and coworkers [11] also investigated the effect of surfece oxygen complexes, introduced by air and ozone treatments, on the adsorption of the commercial surfactants SDS, Darex II (anionics), and Tergitol (nonionic). Results revealed that the surfactant adsorption was strongly suppressed by surface oxidation. These authors proposed that surfactant adsorption primarily occurs on nonpolar carbon surface patches by hydrophobic interactions. Therefore, the oxidative suppression of surfactant adsorption was... 

Selective solubilization can also occur in mixtures of polar and nonpolar oils. Using their oil drop method described previously, Chen et al. measured solubilization rates of mixtures of triolein and oleic acid in solutions of pure nonionic surfactants. As Figure 9.9 shows for a drop initially containing 85/15 triolein/oleic acid by weight injected into 2 wt% Tergitol 15-S-7 at 35°C, they observed that the solubilization process consisted of two stages. In the first stage, the drop radius... 

Figure 5. The effect of nonionic surfactant, Tergitol 15-S-9, on the viscosity of the associative thickener solutions. Key A, 4% HEUR 100 O, 4% HEUR 200 O, 4% HEUR 708 0, 2% HEUR 270.

Nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylated fatty alcohols (such as Emul-phor ON-870 from GAP), alkyl phenyl polyethylene glycol ethers (such as the Tergitols from Union Carbide) and polyoxyethylated octylphenol may be used as protective colloids along with anionic surfactants or, in some cases, as emulsifiers in their own right. The block copolymers of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene (Pluronics) solubilized vinyl acetate. Polymerization takes place at the interface of the surfactant-monomer droplet and the aqueous phase [151]. 

To a 1-liter resin kettle equipped with a reflux condenser, an explosion-proof stirrer, a thermometer and temperature controller, and a nitrogen inlet is charged 204.00 gm of deionized water. Then 6.00 gm of Cellosize hydroxyethyl cellulose WP-300, 3.00 gm of Tergitol NP-40, 3.90 gm of Tergitol NP-15 (two nonionic surfactants), 3.3 gm of Siponate DS-4 (an anionic sufactant), and 0.6 gm of ammonium bicarbonate are added and the stirred mixture is blanketed with nitrogen and wanned to 55°C. This temperature is maintained for 20 min. A mixture of 18.00 gm of vinyl acetate, 4.50 gm of butyl acrylate, and 7.5 gm of vinyl neodecanoate is added, followed by 0.24 gm of ammonium persulfate. The reaction mixture is heated to 75°C and maintained at that temperature for 15 min to form the seed latex. 

Tergitol XD is an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer that is produced by Union Carbide, which is a relatively expensive nonionic surfactant. 

The influence of the nonionic surfactant, Tergitol (15-S-9, both as a cotreatment with the polymer and as a posttreatment, as above with SDS) was somewhat variable, affecting... 

Hair tresses (approximately 50 g each) were shampooed twice with the nonionic surfactant Tergitol 15-S-9 (Union Carbide Corp.) and rinsed thoroughly with running tap water. Each tress was then rinsed twice in 1 L of distilled water for 10 min, extracted in 500 ml ethanol at 30-40°C, and again rinsed twice in distilled water. 

CTAB sharply reduces sorption of Polymer JR-125. This is shown in Figure 5, which includes results for other surfactants. The nonionic surfactant Tergitol 15-S-9 has a comparatively minor influence on the sorption, as a result, presumably, of little interaction tendency of this surfactant (12) with either the polymer or the keratin. The reduction in sorption observed in the presence of the amine oxide Barlox 12 is ascribed to sorption of this material by the hair in view of the appreciable sorptive tendency of the related material... 

Enzyme Deposition. Glucose oxidase (type X-S), bovine albumin (fraction V), and glutaraldehyde were obtained from Sigma Chemical Company and used as supplied. A silicone defoaming agent (B emulsion) was from Dow Corning. A nonionic surfactant (Tergitol NP-10) from Union Carbide Corporation was also incorporated. 

Several investigations showed a major influence of the component surfactant on the uptake of polymer JR on hair. With the nonionic surfactant Tergitol 15-S-9 as the shampooing agent there was substantially unimpeded deposition. In contrast, anionic surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate led to considerable reduction in polymer deposition. In the presence of an amphoteric surfactant based on imidazoline, substantial deposition of the polymer occurred. The cationic surfactant cetyltrimehyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) virtually eliminated the polymer adsorption. This is due to the faster diffusion of CTA+ which neutralized the negative charges on the hair. 

Another way to modify pillared smectites is proposed by Michot and Pinnavaia [109]. Sodium montmoril-lonite is reaeted with a solution containing the [A1i304(0H)24+x(H20,2J cation [110] and a technical alkyl pentaethylene oxide (Tergitol 15s-5). The reaction product is a pillared smectite loaded with the nonionic surfactant. The surfactant occupied micropores between the pillars are the adsorption sites for 3-chlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol, 3,4,5-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol. The uptake of the pollutants increases with the number of chlorine atoms. The toxicant loaded clay can be recycled by calcination at 500 °C and re-adsorption of the surfactant. 

In order to be used as an additive in various types of textile lubricants, surfactants should have high miscibility with base oils as well as the other fundamental surfactant characteristics such as lubricity improving ability and antistatic properties. Table XVI shows the miscibility of C a gAE vari°us lubricant base oils in comparison with that of NPE(IOEO). Good miscibility of SAE can be seen in the Table. Further information, including practical examples, is contained1 in Union Carbide Corp. s booklet on Tergitol 15-S nonionics(20). 

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