Teratocarcinoma

E. Robertson, in E. Robertson, ed., Teratocarcinomas and Embryonic Stem Cells A Practical Approach, IRL Press, Oxford, 1987, p. 71. 

Embryonal carcinoma cell lines have also been established in culture from transplantable teratocarcinomas. The embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cells present in the tumors actually differentiated, and give rise to a variety of different types of embiyonic and adult cells. When these EC cells are cultured, they still possess the... 

Marty C, et al. Cytotoxic targeting of F9 teratocarcinoma tumours with anti-ED-B fibronectin scEv antibody modified liposomes. Br J Cancer 2002 87 106. 

Karin M, Mintz B. Receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin in developmen-tally totipotent mouse teratocarcinoma stem cells. J Biol Chem 1981 256(7) ... 

Manipulation of mouse teratoma cells. The cells from a teratocarcinoma may be dispersed and grown in tissue culture. These cells can be injected into an embryo (a), in which case the resulting animal is a chimera in which some cells come from the original parents and others arise from the cells injected into the blastocyst. 

Whereas it is a common belief that tumor formation involves mutation, certain properties associated with the etiology of teratocarcinoma do not fit with this concept. Tera-... 

Bradley, A., Evans, M., Kaufman, M.H., and Robertson, E. (1984) Formation of germ-line chimaeras from embryo derived teratocarcinoma cell lines. Nature 309, 255-256. 

Loric S, Maroteaux L, Kellermann O, Launay JM. Functional serotonin-2B receptors are expressed by a teratocarcinoma-derived cell line during serotoninergic differentiation. Mol Pharmacol 1995 47 458-466. 

Moreover, scientists are still concerned about how to control the high capacity of ESCs for proliferation and their apparently erratic differentiation. The goal is to be able to control maturation towards a predetermined cell lineage. These issues have to be solved before the use of ESCs in humans, particularly because of their high tendency to develop into teratocarcinomas. 

A number of companies supply dishes and TC trays precoated with extracellular matrix collagen, or gelatin (e.g. International Biotechnologies Ltd., and Bibby Science Products Ltd.). This promotes attachment and flattening and is essential for growth of cells such as the F9 teratocarcinoma cells. 

Two methods have been developed to establish mouse teratocarcinomas cells in culture. 

If the teratocarcinoma cells become confluent they will begin to differentiate into many different cells types, but this process is not so dramatic as the differentiation which occurs if cells isolated by method 2 are transferred to a vessel without a feeder layer. Then the cells attach very poorly and form clumps in suspension. These clumps remain healthy and quickly differentiate (Evans, 1972) to form an outer layer of endoderm cells. The presence of endoderm can be shown by assaying for the serine protease plasminogen activator which is a marker typical of endoderm cells (Strickland et al., 1976). 

Teratocarcinoma Stem Cells, Silver, Vol. 10, L.M., Martin, G.R. and Strickland, S. (eds.) (Cold Spring Harbor Conference on Cell Proliferation) p. 597. 

Single cell in teratocarcinoma isolated and remained undifferentiated in culture... 

Fig. 16.1 Both teratocarcinoma cells and normal embryonal stem cells behave alike. Both types of cells are accepted and incorporated into the inner layer of the blastocyst, when they are injected into the blastocyst cavity. They behave like normal embryonic stem cells, and the progeny of these cells are found in practically every cell and tissue of the chimeric mouse, where they differentiate normally. Moreover, they even form normal germ cells. Thus, teratocarcinoma stem cells, when separated from their undifferentiated cancerous daughter cells and transplanted into a compatible host, not only survive, they also do no harm to the host and do not make him cancerous. Incidentally, the capability of embryonic stem cells to be accepted by a recipient blastocyst is the basis of producing gene knock-out, chimeric mice, where a normal gene is replaced by an altered, engineered version of the gene. These chimeric mice then carry the mutation in their stem cells and transmit them to differentiated cells, where they are expressed. (With permission of Taylor and Francis, Inc. See Rg. 21-32 in ref. 1.)...

Fig. 16.2 (a) Normally, a stem cell produces with each cell division another stem ceil, but also a daughter cell that is destined to differentiate terminally, (b) When a stem cell divides, producing new stem cells but no terminally differentiated cells which stop dividing, the result Is a stenvcell-derived tumour, such as a teratocarcinoma. 

Kojima N, Fenderson B, Stroud M, Goldberg R, Habermann 36. R, Toyokuni T, Hakomori S. Further studies on cell adhesion based on Le -Le interaction, with new approaches embryo-glycan aggregation of F9 teratocarcinoma cells, and adhesion 37. of various tumour cells based on Le expression. Glycoconj. J. 1994 11 238-248. 

Rusciano, D., Lorenzoni, P. and Burger, M. M. (1992). Specific growth stimulation in the absence of specific cellular adhesion in lung colonization by retinoic acid treated F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Int. J. Cancer 52, 471-477. 

PEG-liposomes 2-Deoxy-5-fluorouridyly-Af- octadecyl-l-P-D- arabinofuranosylcytosine Anti-ED-P- fibronectin-scFv Mice bearing murine F9 teratocarcinoma " ... 

Marty, C. Odermatt, C.M. Schott, H. Neri, D. Ballmer-Hofer, K. Klemenz, R. Schwendener, R.A. Cytotoxic targeting of F9 teratocarcinoma tumors with anti-ED-B fibronectin scFv antibody modified liposomes. British Journal of Cancer 2002, 87, 106-112. 

A pluripotent human teratocarcinoma cell clone, NT2/D1, which was derived from the Tera-2 cell line, was induced to differentiate into cells with neuronal cell morphology by treatment with berberine. As early as one day after a 24 hour treatment of cells with berberine at a non-toxic dose of 0.1 mg/ml in culture medium, the cells began to show morphologic... 

A triorganotin quinolizidine compound, triethyitin Iupinyisulfide hydrochloride (Figure 4.4.7), has been reported to show quite good solubility in ethanol/water and to be a potent anti-proliferative against three different human cancer cell lines teratocarcinoma of the ovary (PA-1), colon carcinoma (HCT-8), and glioblastoma (A-172).2 The cytocidal effects due to this compound seem consistent with necrosis or delayed cell death rather than apoptosis. 

Martin GR (1981) Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78 7634-7638... 

Hosier, B.A., Rogers, M.B., Kozak, C.A., and Gudas, L.J. (1993). An octamer motif contributes to the expression of the retinoic acid-regulated zing finger gene Rex-1 (Zfp-42) in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 13 2919-2928. 

SeU S, Pierce GB (1994) Maturation arrest of stem-cell differentiation is a common pathway for the cellular-origin of teratocarcinomas and epithelial cancers. Lab Invest 70(l) 6-22... 

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