Templating polyacrylic acid

Polyacrylic acid was used as a template for the polymerization of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate in acetone/water systems. Interaction between monomer and the template is relatively strong. 

As published by Ferguson and Shah and independently by Bamford and Shiiki, polyethylene imine can be used as template for polymerization of acrylic acid. It was found that polyethylene imine forms water insoluble complex with polyacrylic acid. Polymerization was carried out at 31 C, using potassium persulphate as an initiator. The polymerization was followed by turbimetry and bromometric titration. During polymerization, the precipitation takes place, however, at GO C, degradation of the com-... 

Properties of composites obtained by template poly condensation of urea and formaldehyde in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) were described by Papisov et al. Products of template polycondensation obtained for 1 1 ratio of template to monomers are typical glasses, but elastic deformation up to 50% at 90°C is quite remarkable. This behavior is quite different from composites polyacrylic acid-urea-formaldehyde polymer obtained by conventional methods. Introduction of polyacrylic acid to the reacting system of urea-formaldehyde, even in a very small quantity (2-5%) leads to fibrilization of the product structure. Materials obtained have a high compressive strength (30-100 kg/cm ). Further polycondensation of the excess of urea and formaldehyde results in fibrillar structure composites. Structure and properties of such composites can be widely varied by changes in initial composition and reaction conditions. 

Polyacrylic acid Hybrid organic/inorganic network polymers were formed via the reaction of polyacrylic acid with tin(IV). titanium(IV), and silicon (IV) alkoxides and subsequent hydrolysis to form mesoporous materials. Treatment by nitric acid removed the polyacrylate template and produced microporous inorganic hydrous metal oxides Surface areas characterized by BET measurements 130... 

Benzodiazepines were the first class of heterocyclic compounds to be synthesized on the SynPhase surface. In 1994, Ellman and co-workers24 reported a 192 member library of structurally diverse 1,4-benzodiazepines. These compounds were prepared on Mimotopes pins that were grafted with polyacrylic acid, the surface originally used for antibody epitope elucidation.10 Ellman and co-workers25 subsequently synthesized a 1680-member 1,4-benzodiazepine library on SynPhase Crowns that were grafted with a methacrylic acid/dimethylacrylamide copolymer, one of the first SynPhase surfaces designed for solid-phase synthesis. The synthesis was performed on a preformed linker-template system in order to avoid low aminobenzophenone incorporation in this case the HMP acid-labile linker... 

Directed Assembly of Polystyrene (PS)/ polyacrylic Acid (PAA) Using Nanotrench Templates... 

Using functional molecules as structural directors in the chemical polymerization bath can also produce polyaniline nanostructures. Such structural directors include surfactants [16-18], liquid crystals [19], polyelectrolytes (including DNA) [20,21], or complex bulky dopants [22-24]. It is believed that functional molecules can promote the formation of nanostructured soft condensed phase materials (e.g., micelles and emulsions) that can serve as soft templates for aniline polymerization (Figure 7.3). Polyelectrolytes such as polyacrylic acid, polystyrenesulfonic acid, and DNA can bind aniline monomer molecules, which can be polymerized in situ forming polyaniline nanowires along the polyelectrolyte molecules. Compared to templated syntheses, self-assembly routes are more scalable but they rely on the structural director molecules. It is also difficult to make nanostructures with small diameters (e.g., <50 nm). For example, in the dopant induced self-assembly route, very complex dopants with bulky side groups are needed to obtain nanotubes with diameters smaller than 100 nm, such as sulfonated naphthalene derivatives [23-25], fidlerenes [26], or dendrimers [27,28]. 

When 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) is chemically polymerized in the presence of polyacrylic acid (PAA) as a template, conducting nanowires can be assembled from smaller nanowires in a side-by-side manner and exhibit excellent conductivity [115]. The electronic properties of PTh have promoted a wide interest in the development of organic/polymer light-emitting diodes (OLEDs/PLEDs) and it is note worthy that the performance of these devices is dramatically enhanced by the... 

The star-polymer template approach allows preparation of spherical nanocrystals. In the initial step, a star-like block copolymer nanoreactor was prepared, with a polyacrylic acid (PAA) inner block and an outer block of polystyrene. Then, the inner PAA block was infiltrated with the precursor for preparation of the desired nanoparticles. Finally, the precursor is transformed into the nanoparticle inside the star-polymer template, resulting in formation of uniform well-defined nanocrystals. By using a star-like triblock copolymer template, core-shell and hollow nanocrystals can be prepared following similar strategies (Scheme 9). 

ZrB -SiC based foams have been produced using aqueous slurry prepared at 48 vol% solid stabilized with Dolapix PC33 (1.5 wt%). Polyacrylic acid at a high molecular weight (200000 Da) was added to the slurry to ease the wetting and adhesion of the slip on the templates. The templates were commercially available PU ester reticulate foams and cellulose sponges. 

The alkanethiol-pattemed gold templates was used for the directed assembly of polymer blends. Hydrophilic alkanethiols, 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA), were patterned on gold surfaces using microcontact printing and the surfaces were backfilled with hydrophobic alkanethiols, benzene thiol (BZT) or octadecanethiol (ODT). Polystyrene (PS)/polyacrylic acid (PAA) blends were spin-coated on the patterned gold template resulting in the preferentially assembly of PAA onto the hydrophilic MHDA monolayers and the assembly of PS onto the hydrophobic BZT or ODT monolayers. All of the chemicals were purchased from Aldrich. The concentration of alkanethiol in ethanol was ImM and the concentration of PS and PAA blends in tetrahydrofuran was 3 wt%. 

A similar method of hydrolysis was described for poly( vinyl alcohol) used as a template. In this case, T was -CH2-CH- and, after hydrolysis, poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyacrylic or polymethacrylic acid were obtained. The hydrolyzed product gives the color reaction with I2 in the presence of H3BO3 - specific to poly(vinyl alcohol). The second product of hydrolysis, after esterification by diazomethane, was identified as polyfmethyl methacrylate) by NMR and IR spectrometry. Hydrolysis was also applied in the case of ladder-type polymers obtained by polymerization of mutliallyl monomers. The polymerization should result in polymer consisting, at least partly, ladder-type blocks ... 

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