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Temperature rates

The activation parameters for an initiator can be deterrnined at normal atmospheric pressure by plotting In vs 1/T using initiator decomposition rates obtained in dilute solution (0.2 M or lower) at several temperatures. Rate data from dilute solutions are requited in order to avoid higher order reactions such as induced decompositions. The intercept for the resulting straight line is In and the slope of the line is —E jR therefore both and E can be calculated. [Pg.221]

Jippliance wires require a higher temperature rating (105°C or higher). Therefore, the insulation is made of duorinated thermoplastics, such as poly-tetrafluoroethylene (PTEE) or duorinated ethylene—propjdene (EEP). [Pg.323]

Cross-linked polyethylene-based compounds that contain dame-retardant components and compounds based on PVC cross-linked by radiation have also received high temperature rating. They find use not only in appHance wires but also in manufacturing under-the-hood automotive wires. [Pg.323]

Alkali metal sulfamates are stable in neutral or alkaline solutions even at boiling temperatures. Rates of hydrolysis for sulfamic acid in aqueous solutions have been measured at different conditions (Table 4) (8,10)-... [Pg.61]

The constant may depend on process variables such as temperature, rate of agitation or circulation, presence of impurities, and other variables. If sufficient data are available, such quantities may be separated from the constant by adding more terms ia a power-law correlation. The term is specific to the Operating equipment and generally is not transferrable from one equipment scale to another. The system-specific constants i and j are obtainable from experimental data and may be used ia scaleup, although j may vary considerably with mixing conditions. Illustration of the use of data from a commercial crystallizer to obtain the kinetic parameters i, andy is available (61). [Pg.350]

The explosion-proof enclosure is designed such that an explosion in the interior of the enclosure containing the electronic circuits will be contained. The enclosure will not allow sufficient flame to escape to the exterior to cause an ignition. Also, a surface temperature rating is given to the device. This rating must indicate a lower surface temperature than the ignition temperature of the gas in the hazardous area. [Pg.786]

Valve bodies are also standardized to mate with common piping connections flanged, butt-weld end, socket-weld end, and screwed end. Dimensional information for some of these joints and class pressure-temperature ratings are included in Sec. 10, Process Plant Piping. Control valves have their own standardized face-to-face dimensions that are governed by ISA Standards S75.03, 04, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20, and 22. Butterfly valves are also governed by API 609 and Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) SP-67 and 68. [Pg.787]

FIG. 10-163 Operating pressure-temperature ratings for Haveg 41NA and 61NA pipe and fittings. (°F — 32)% = °C to convert poiinds-force per square inch to Idlopascals, multiply by 6.895 to convert inches to millimeters, multiply by 25.4. [Pg.980]

It provides for the use of dimensionally standardized components at their published pressure-temperature ratings. [Pg.981]

Pressure-temperature ratings for soldered and brazed copper-tubing joints are given in Tables 10-47 and 10-48 respectively. [Pg.981]

TABLE 10-45 Pressure-Temperature Ratings for FlangeS/ Flanged FittingS/ and Flanged Valves of Typical Materials/ Ibf/in ... [Pg.982]

In accordance with hsted standards, blind flanges may be used at their pressure-temperature ratings. The minimum thickness of nonstandard bhnd flanges shall be the same as for a bolted flat cover, in accordance with the rules of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sec. T11. [Pg.985]

Maximum recommended pressure-temperature ratings for solder joints made with copper tubing and wrought-copper and -bronze or cast-bronze solder-joint pressure fittings and using representative commercial solders... [Pg.986]

Pressure-temperature ratings of cast and forged parts as published in standards referenced in tliis code section may be used for parts meeting requirements of these standards. Allowable stresses for castings and forgings, where listed, are for use in the design of special components not fnmished in accordance with such standards. [Pg.992]

If the test is to be a guide for the selection of a material for a particular purpose, the limits of controlhng factors in service must be determined. These factors include oxygen concentration, temperature, rate of flow, pH value, and other important characteristics. [Pg.2426]

Verify suitability of equipment for new service (material of construction, pressure and temperature rating, etc.)... [Pg.52]

Fig. 1. Examples of temperature dependence of the rate constant for the reactions in which the low-temperature rate-constant limit has been observed 1. hydrogen transfer in the excited singlet state of the molecule represented by (6.16) 2. molecular reorientation in methane crystal 3. internal rotation of CHj group in radical (6.25) 4. inversion of radical (6.40) 5. hydrogen transfer in halved molecule (6.16) 6. isomerization of molecule (6.17) in excited triplet state 7. tautomerization in the ground state of 7-azoindole dimer (6.1) 8. polymerization of formaldehyde in reaction (6.44) 9. limiting stage (6.45) of (a) chain hydrobromination, (b) chlorination and (c) bromination of ethylene 10. isomerization of radical (6.18) 11. abstraction of H atom by methyl radical from methanol matrix [reaction (6.19)] 12. radical pair isomerization in dimethylglyoxime crystals [Toriyama et al. 1977]. Fig. 1. Examples of temperature dependence of the rate constant for the reactions in which the low-temperature rate-constant limit has been observed 1. hydrogen transfer in the excited singlet state of the molecule represented by (6.16) 2. molecular reorientation in methane crystal 3. internal rotation of CHj group in radical (6.25) 4. inversion of radical (6.40) 5. hydrogen transfer in halved molecule (6.16) 6. isomerization of molecule (6.17) in excited triplet state 7. tautomerization in the ground state of 7-azoindole dimer (6.1) 8. polymerization of formaldehyde in reaction (6.44) 9. limiting stage (6.45) of (a) chain hydrobromination, (b) chlorination and (c) bromination of ethylene 10. isomerization of radical (6.18) 11. abstraction of H atom by methyl radical from methanol matrix [reaction (6.19)] 12. radical pair isomerization in dimethylglyoxime crystals [Toriyama et al. 1977].
Aside from merely calculational difficulties, the existence of a low-temperature rate-constant limit poses a conceptual problem. In fact, one may question the actual meaning of the rate constant at r = 0, when the TST conditions listed above are not fulfilled. If the potential has a double-well shape, then quantum mechanics predicts coherent oscillations of probability between the wells, rather than the exponential decay towards equilibrium. These oscillations are associated with tunneling splitting measured spectroscopically, not with a chemical conversion. Therefore, a simple one-dimensional system has no rate constant at T = 0, unless it is a metastable potential without a bound final state. In practice, however, there are exchange chemical reactions, characterized by symmetric, or nearly symmetric double-well potentials, in which the rate constant is measured. To account for this, one has to admit the existence of some external mechanism whose role is to destroy the phase coherence. It is here that the need to introduce a heat bath arises. [Pg.20]

Note that only Er, which is actually the sum of the reorganization energies for all degrees of freedom, enters into the high-temperature rate constant formula (2.62). At low temperature, however, in order to preserve E, one has to fit an additional parameter co, which has no direct physical sense for a real multiphonon problem. [Pg.31]

So the jUA7805KC will operate within its maximum junetion temperature ratings for this applieation. [Pg.195]

Over the years many attempts have been made to provide some measure of the maximum service temperature which a material will be able to withstand without thermal degradation rendering it unfit for service. Quite clearly any figure will depend on the time the material is likely to be exposed to elevated temperatures. One assessment that is being increasingly quoted is the UL 746B Relative Temperature Index Test of the Underwriters Laboratories (previously known as the Continuous Use Temperature Rating or Index). [Pg.186]


See other pages where Temperature rates is mentioned: [Pg.140]    [Pg.359]    [Pg.301]    [Pg.327]    [Pg.329]    [Pg.24]    [Pg.54]    [Pg.56]    [Pg.408]    [Pg.205]    [Pg.964]    [Pg.977]    [Pg.980]    [Pg.980]    [Pg.981]    [Pg.981]    [Pg.103]    [Pg.36]    [Pg.43]    [Pg.181]    [Pg.183]    [Pg.301]    [Pg.595]    [Pg.200]    [Pg.341]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.29 , Pg.32 ]




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Acid temperature control flow rates

Acid temperature control heat production rates

Activation Energy and Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants

Activation Energy and the Temperature Dependence of Rates

Activation temperature termination rate

Amides exchange rates/temperature

Application to the Temperature Dependence of Steady Reaction Rate

Arrhenius Temperature Dependence of the Rate Constant

Asymptotic analysis for strongly temperature-dependent rates

Atmospheric Temperature Lapse Rate

Burning rate temperature sensitivity

Carbon deposition rate temperature effect

Catalytic temperature increases rate

Chemical reaction rate constant temperature dependence

Chemical reaction rates temperature-jump method

Chemical reaction versus temperature rate

Continuous Use Temperature Rating

Controlling the Growth Speed Evaporation Rate and Temperature Dependence

Conversion rate density temperature dependence

Cooling rate effects glass transition temperature

Cooling rate effects temperature dependence

Corrosion rate effect of temperature

Corrosion rate temperature

Cryogels freezing temperature/rate

Crystallisation rate-temperature curve

Crystallization rates, temperatures below

DETERMINING EXPERIMENTAL RATE EQUATIONS AT A FIXED TEMPERATURE

Decay rate constants temperature effect

Dependence of rate on temperature

Deposition rate temperature dependence

Dissolution rate temperatures

Effect of Flow Rate and Temperature on Enantiomeric Separations

Effect of Oven Temperature Ramp Rate

Effect of strain rate and temperature

Effect of temperature on rate

Effect of temperature on rate constant

Examining Reaction Rate and Temperature

Exchange rate constant temperature variation

Factors affecting reaction rate reactant temperature

First-order rate constant, temperature

First-order rate constant, temperature dependence

Flow rate temperature

Formation rate temperature

Growth rate against crystallization temperature

Growth rate as a function of temperature

Growth rate temperature dependence

Growth rate vs. temperature

Growth rates, high temperature

Growth rates, high temperature oxides

Heart rate body temperature effects

Heat rate measurements by temperature scanning calorimetry

Heat release rate temperature

High Temperatures - Rate Acceleration

High-temperature R alloys oxidation rate

High-temperature gases oxidation rate laws

How Temperature Affects the Rate of a Reaction

Influence of Temperature on Rate Constants

Kinetics rate temperature dependence

Kinetics temperature dependence, rate reaction

Leaching rates, glass, temperature

Low-temperature limit of rate constants

Maximum exhaustion % rate temperature

Mean flow rate temperature

Measurement rate glass transition temperature

Melt temperature and fill rates

Negative temperature coefficients reaction rate

Nuclear spin relaxation rate, temperature

Nuclear spin relaxation rate, temperature dependence

Nucleation rate temperature dependence

Oven temperature ramp rates

Overall temperature-dependent decay rate constant

Oxidation rate laws, high-temperature

Oxidation rate temperature dependence

PPs versus shear rate and temperature

Phase transformation rate temperature dependence

Polyethylene growth rate against temperatur

Predicting Elevated Temperature Ratings of Polymeric Materials

Product yields with temperature heating rate

Quenching rate temperature dependence

REACTION RATE IS INFLUENCED BY CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE

Rate Limited by Discharge Temperature and Torque for Starch Extrusion

Rate Temperature and Altitude

Rate coefficient temperature effects

Rate coefficient temperature variation

Rate coefficients temperature dependence

Rate constant crossover temperature

Rate constant dependence on temperature

Rate constant temperature dependence

Rate constant temperature effects

Rate constant vs. temperature

Rate constants at different temperatures

Rate control temperature effect

Rate laws adiabatic equilibrium temperature

Rate laws continued temperature dependence

Rate laws temperature dependence

Rate of increase in temperature

Rate setting temperature

Rate vs. temperature

Rate, dependence on temperature

Rates Depend on Temperature

Rates of reactions and their temperature dependence

Rates pressure, 358 temperature

Rates temperature effect

Rates, chemical reactions temperature effects

Reaction Rate with Temperature

Reaction Rates Depend on Temperature

Reaction rate as a function of temperature

Reaction rate change with temperature

Reaction rate constant dependence on temperature

Reaction rate constant temperature dependence

Reaction rate constant, temperature dependency

Reaction rate constants temperature effect

Reaction rate dependence on temperature

Reaction rate temperature

Reaction rate temperature dependence

Reaction rate temperature dependent

Reaction rate temperature effect

Reaction rate variation with temperature

Reaction rate, catalytic SO2 oxidation temperature

Reaction rate, catalytic SO2 oxidation temperature effect

Reaction rate, temperature coefficient

Reaction rates reactant temperature

Reaction rates temperature and

Reaction rates temperature studies

Reduction maximum rate temperature

Relationship between Nucleation Temperatures and Sublimation Rates

Relaxation rate, temperature dependence

Rust rating, temperature

Sensitivity of temperature rates

Skill 9.5 Describing how temperature, concentrations, and catalysts affect reaction rates

Specific reaction rate temperature dependence

Startup Rate and Subzero Temperature Challenge

Steady-state reaction rate temperature dependence

Stratification rate, temperature

TEMPERATURE DEPENDANCE OF RATE

Temperature Control with Boilup (Steam Flow Rate)

Temperature Control with Bottoms Flow Rate

Temperature Control with Distillate Flow Rate

Temperature Control with Reflux Flow Rate

Temperature Dependence of Linear Crystal Growth Rate

Temperature Dependence of Nucleation Rate

Temperature Dependence of Rate Coefficients

Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants Activation Energies

Temperature Dependence of Rate and Chain Length

Temperature Dependence of Reaction Rate Constant

Temperature Dependence of the Chain Reaction Rates

Temperature Sensitivity of Burning Rate

Temperature and Feed Rate

Temperature and growth rate

Temperature and strain-rate dependences of yield

Temperature change reaction rates

Temperature chemical reaction rate affected

Temperature class rating

Temperature controller rate term

Temperature creep rate

Temperature dependence cytochrome oxidation rate

Temperature dependence electron transfer rates

Temperature dependence of electrode reaction rates

Temperature dependence of rate

Temperature dependence of rate constants

Temperature dependence of reaction rate

Temperature dependence of the rate

Temperature dependence of the rate coefficient

Temperature dependence of the rate constant

Temperature dependence rates

Temperature dependency of degradation rate

Temperature dependency of reaction rate

Temperature dependency, reaction rate

Temperature effect degradation rate

Temperature effect on reaction rate

Temperature effect upon reaction rate

Temperature effects corrosion rate

Temperature energy recovery rate

Temperature enzyme-catalyzed reaction rate affected

Temperature flow rate and

Temperature foam volume increase rate

Temperature heating rate regarding

Temperature hopping rate

Temperature increased reaction rates

Temperature lapse rate

Temperature on rate constant

Temperature parabolic rate constants

Temperature programming cool-down rates

Temperature rate constants

Temperature rate constants and

Temperature rate control

Temperature rate of change

Temperature rate of reaction

Temperature reaction rate relationship with

Temperature retrogradation rate

Temperature solvation rate

Temperature zero growth rate

Temperature, and rate

Temperature, effect on rate

Temperature, rate constant independent

Temperature, reaction rate function

Temperature-Dependent Term of a Rate Equation

Temperature-programmed desorption linear heating rate

Temperature-programming rates

The Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate

The Rate of a First-order Reaction at Constant Temperature

The Relationship Between Temperature and Rate

The temperature dependence of reaction rates

Thermogravimetric analysis reaction rate temperature dependence

Transformation rate temperature dependence

Valves ratings, pressure-temperature

Variation with temperature rate constant

WLF rate—temperature equivalence

Water radiolysis temperature dependent rate constants

Why are the rates of some reactions insensitive to temperature

Williams-Landel-Ferry rate-temperature equivalence

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