Temperature drumming equipment

Perchloron contains 60 to 70 per cent active chlorine, 1 to 2 per cent water, the remainder being calcium hydroxide and chloride. The I. G. Farben method starts with a thick lime slurry, containing some 30 per cent CaO, which is chlorinated in horizontal cylindrical drums (about 1.7 m in diameter and 3 m long). The drums equipped with stirrers are submerged in water. Chlorination is carried out under pressure and at a temperature not exceeding 40 °C by liquid chlorine, which is introduced above the surface of the slurry. 

DISPOSAL AND STORAGE METHODS absorb in dry earth or sand, package in epoxy-lined drums, and dispose of in a sanitary landfill atomize in a high-temperature incinerator, equipped with afterburner or hydrochloric acid scrubber encapsulate product residues by organic polyester resin or silicate fixation store in a cool, dry location storage should be in tightly closed containers separate from oxidizing materials, ammonia, and active metals isolate from open flames and combustibles. 

While a desalter costs more to install than the flash drum system, it has the advantage of removing up to 95% of the salt from the oil permanently. Because less salt reaches the fractionating tower in a unit equipped with a desalter, a smaller quantity of corrosion products is formed due to high temperature breakdown and hydrolysis, and the salt content of the residual fuel oil is much lower. 

The drum is usually equipped with steam injection if required for winterizing or cold releases. Refer to Figure 7 for some of the details. If winterizing is necessary, then the steam should be temperature-controlled in order to maintain the seal water temperature at 4 to 10 C. It is important to note that the drum should be located at a minimum safe distance from the flare. 

The alcohols are available in drums and via tank trucks and rail tank cars. The bulk shipments of the heavier higher alcohols need to be in equipment with heating coils since, as you can see in Table 15—3, the melting points are above ambient temperature conditions. ... 

A wide range of rubbers are available for successful use as materials of construction and are applied in areas such as handling inorganic salt solutions where metals are unsuitable. The use of rubber linings is widespread in equipment such as tanks, pipes, and drums and most other critical chemical equipment. However, their use is limited to moderate temperatures, and they are generally suitable for use in abrasive duties. Some of the more commonly used plastics are PVC, PTFE and polypropylene. 

Table 8.3-2 shows heat duties in the different pieces of equipment, and the solvent makeups needed to run the plant, as a function of pressure and temperature in the flash drum, D200. The data reported are computed by assuming efficiencies for heaters and coolers equal to 0.7, and 0.6, respectively, to account for thermal inefficiencies [4]. From analysis in the pilot plant, which is probably more accurate than the results from the process simulator, an accurate estimate was that 20 kW is needed to pump all the fluids in the final plant. 

Fig. 2. Double-drum dryer (uttiiospheriei. Dryers of this type handle a variety of food products of widely varying densities and viscosities dilute solutions, heavy liquids, or pasty materials. A number of products can be dried successfully with this kind of configuration, inasmuch as exposure to temperature above the boiling point is restricted to just a few seconds. The movable dram permits effective control over product film thickness. Feed may be hy perforated lube mrngh. pendulum, or various special configurations. (Bufiovah Division. Blau -Knox hunt dc Chemical Equipment, Inc)...

When the product gases exit from the TLX, they are still too hot for compression and must be cooled to essentially ambient temperatures. Part of the additional cooling is accomplished in some plants with a direct oil quench the hot oil can be used to generate steam. Typically, in the final stage of cooling, a tower equipped with water sprays and a trap provides intimate contact between the water and the gaseous streams. The resultant water and liquid hydrocarbon phase (of heavier hydrocarbons) from this tower are separated in settling drums. Valuable products in both the water and oil phases are recovered and processed. The... 

Some characteristics of drum dryers are given in Table 6.8. In a given application, testing is usually required to establish drum speed, temperature, retention time, product characteristics and feeding equipment. The short time that solid is in contact with hot metal makes these units suitable for heat-sensitive materials. As illustrated in Fig. 6.4, many different feed... 

---