Taxonomy, 18-19, Tables

Vimses contain either RNA or DNA, and this nucleic acid composition forms the basis for thek classification. Although vimses ate known to infect bactetia, insects, plants, animals, and humans, this discussion is restticted to the important vimses of vertebrates. The relevant vimses ate summarized in Table 2, using the nomenclature and taxonomy recommended by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Vimses (4,5). 

Chapter 5—CCPS Generic Failure Rate Data Base Contains tables of generic process equipment reliability data that are structured by the CCPS Taxonomy. The data are extracted from data resources in Chapter 4. The chapter includes a discussion of the selection, treatment, and presentation of the data in the Tables. 

To find generic data in this book for use in a CPQRA, the reader should first locate the taxonomy number for the equipment under study by referring to Appendix B, Equipment Index. This index shows the taxonomy number for various types of commonly used equipment. Knowing the taxonomy number, the reader can consult the Index of Filled Data Cells (Table 5.2) to determine if the data exist in Chapter S. Alternatively, the user... 

In Table 3.2, a number of factors are listed that were not used as separate levels in the CCPS taxonomy because of assumptions made by the CCPS Subcommittee. The analyst must, wherever possible, try to assess the validity of these assumptions for the particular situation and establish if the equipment represented by the data ... 

This chapter contains tables of generic equipment failure rate data for some of the CPI equipment types listed in Appendix A, the CCPS Taxonomy, or in Appendix B, the Equipment Index. Section 5.1 on data selection explains how data were selected from resources and lists which resources in Chapter 4 were used to provide data. 

In certain cases, more than one data point was available for a given data cell table in the CCPS Taxonomy. When several data points were considered appropriate and applicable to process equipment, the data were combined through a computer-aided aggregation process. The aggregation process is described in Section 5.2. 

Section 5.3, Data Table Presentation, illustrates the format used for data tables and explains the type of information contained. Data tables have been presented only for those data cells where data existed at that level in the taxonomy. These are listed by taxonomy number in the Data Cell Index, Table 5.2. 

Section 5.4 describes the use of the CCPS Generic Failure Rate Data Base. Lastly, Section 5.5 contains tables of data in the Generic Failure Rate Data Base, organized by the numbers used to structure the CCPS Taxonomy. 

SAIC provided much of the data used in this book from its proprietary files of previously analyzed and selected information. Since these data were primarily from the nuclear power industry, a literature search and industry survey described in Chapter 4 were conducted to locate other sources of data specific to the process equipment types in the CCPS Taxonomy. Candidate data resources identified through this effort were reviewed, and the appropriate ones were selected. Applicable failure rate data were extracted from them for the CCPS Generic Failure Rate Data Base. The resources that provided failure information are listed in Table 5.1 with data reference numbers used in the data tables to show where the data originated. 

Section 5.5 presents a data sheet for each cell in the taxonomy that contains failure rate data. Empty data cells are not presented. Filled data cells are listed by their CCPS Taxonomy number in Table 5.2 as an aid to the user. The CCPS data sheet format was developed from a number of sources including OREDA and IEEE Std. 500-1984. The format is presented in Figure 5.3, and its data elements are explained below ... 

As explained in Section 3.3, failure rate data for a piece of equipment or system can be located by the taxonomy number for the equipment. The number can be found by using the CCPS Taxonomy, Appendix A, or the alphabetized hardware list in the Equipment Index, Appendix B. Table 5.2 shows whether the CCPS data base contains failure rate data for that numbered data cell or for an appropriate higher-level cell. Alternatively, the user may look directly for the desired taxonomy cell in the data tables. 

The pages in this section present tables of generic failure rate data compiled for process equipment and organized by the CCPS Taxonomy. 

Table 1.3. Global extent of arid and semi-arid soils (km2) based on the Soil Taxonomy system) (after Monger et al., 2004)...

Table 2 Taxonomy of azo dye-decolorizing yeast species and their anamorph/teleomorph correspondent names...

Table 12.1 summarizes five major types of pharmacoeconomic evaluations cost-consequence, cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness, cost-minimization, and cost-utility (Drummond et al., 1997 Kielhorn and Graf von der Schulenburg, 2000). In a cost-consequence analysis, a comprehensive list of relevant costs and outcomes (consequences) of alternative therapeutic approaches are presented in tabular form. Costs and outcomes are typically organized according to their relationship to cost (direct and indirect), quality of life, patient preferences, and clinical outcomes (see taxonomy below). No attempt is made to combine the costs and outcomes into an economic ratio, and the interpretation of the analysis is left in large part to the reader. 

The physical characteristics of sewer deposits can be described in terms of individual particle and bulk properties. The hydraulic and structural conditions in the sewer, together with the nature of the inputs, will control the type of material that deposits at a given location. Crabtree (1989) has proposed a sewer sediment taxonomy that is relevant mainly in terms of physical properties but also to chemical and biological processes (Table 3.5). The taxonomy is based on four primary classes with a fifth class B comprising agglutinated or cemented class A material. 

As seen from Table 3.5, organic matter constitutes an essential part of sewer sediments, however, generally with a low biodegradability. Class D (sewer biofilm) is included in the taxonomy (Section 3.2.7). Class A sewer sediment material is most commonly found in combined sewer networks. 

TABLE 3.5. Sewer Sediment Taxonomy as Proposed by Crabtree (1989). 

In addition to epitaxial relations, characteristic textures appear due to the intergrowth of crystals of two different species in a certain crystallographic relation. Various terms have been used in the mineralogical field to describe textures, as summarized in Table 7.2 [15], [16]. Observations of descriptive and taxonomy type have been accumulated, since they show the origin of rocks and ores, but understanding the mechanism of their formation still remains a future subject of research. 

As already noted, spectral similarities between the various asteroid classes and specific types of meteorites provide a way to identify possible meteorite parent bodies. The Tholen and Barucci (1989) asteroid taxonomy has been interpreted as representing the types of meteorites shown in Table 11.1. Using the Bus et al. (2002) taxonomy, the C-complex asteroids are probably hydrated carbonaceous chondrites (e.g. Cl or CM). These carbonaceous chondrite asteroids probably accreted with ices and will be considered in Chapter 12. Some S-complex asteroids are ordinary chondrite parent bodies, but this superclass is very diverse and includes many other meteorite types as well. The X-complex includes objects with spectra that resemble enstatite chondrites and aubrites, and some irons and stony irons, although other X-complex asteroids are unlike known meteorite types. A few asteroid spectra are unique and provide more definitive connections, such as between 4 Vesta and... 

Table 3.1. Taxonomy of Astigmata, and compounds identified in mite exudates or extracts ... 

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