Taiwan soils

Hsiao NC, Wu YM, Zhao L, Chen DY, Huang WT, Kuo KH, Shin TC, Leu PL (2011) Anew prototype system for earthquake early warning in Taiwan. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 31 201-208. doi 10.1016/j. 

Campbell KW, Thenhaus PC, Barnard TP, Hampson DB (2002) Seismic hazard model for loss estimation and risk management in Taiwan. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 22 743-754. doi 10.1016/S0267-... 

Chen, Z.S. 1999. Soil contamination and trace element issues in Taiwan. Pages 246-247 in W.W. Wenzel, D.C. Adriano, B. Alloway, H.E. Doner, C. Keller, N.W. Lepp, M. Mench, R. Naidu, and G.M. Pierzynski (eds.). Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements, July 11-15, 1999, Vienna, Austria. 

Yakle GA, Cruse RM (1984) Effects of fresh and decomposing com plant residue extracts on com seedling development. Soil Sci Soc Am J 48 1143-1146 Young CC, Zhu Thoume LR, Waller GR (1989) Phytotoxic potential of soils and wheat straw in rice rotation cropping systems of subtropical Taiwan. Plant Soil 120 95-101 Yu JQ (2001) Autotoxic potential of cucurbit crops phenomenon, chemicals, mechanisms and means to overcome. J Crop Prod 4 335-348... 

The applicability of these approaches for the assessment of acidification loading on the terrestrial ecosystems in Asia is made here using the examples of Asian domain (Asian part of Russia, China, Japan, Taiwan, Korea and Thailand). In spite of the great differences in climate, soil and vegetation conditions, these regions can serve as a good test of the proposed methodology. 

Table 5 also reveals that the mean concentration of Pb in brown rice and leaves of 19 vegetable species from acid rain affected areas and non-affected areas are almost the same. On the other hand, the ratio is close to 1. This result indicated that acid rain does not influence the biological accumulation of Pb in brown rice and leaves of vegetables species sampled in Taiwan. Some studies have indicated that concentration of Pb in the crops was only affected when the concentration of Pb in the soils is higher than 500 mg/kg (Kabata-Pendias and Pendias, 1992). Sloan et al. (1997) also indicated that the relative bioavailability of biosolids-applied heavy metals in agricultural soils was Cd Zn >Ni >Cu Cr >Pb, for the soils 15 years after biosolids application. It is quite consistent with the results achieved by research of Chen et al. (1998). Thus, the phyto-availability of heavy metals caused by acid deposition followed the trend Cd >Zn >Cu Pb. 

Chen, Z. S., Liu, J. C., Cheng, C. Y. (1998). Acid deposition effects on the dynamic of heavy metals in soils and their biological accumulation in the crops and vegetables in Taiwan. In Bashkin, V. N., Park, S-U. (Eds.). Acid Deposition and Ecosystem Sensitivity in East Asia, NovaScience Publishers, USA, pp. 189-228. 

BHC (hexachlorocyclohexane) is used on 44,000 acres of plant cane and 15,000 acres of ratoon yearly in Australia to control the Greyback beetle. Taiwan reports use of 315,000 pounds of 1% and 930,000 pounds of 3% BHC on 13,000 acres at the rate of 150 pounds per acre for control of soil insects. 

CHOU Allelopathy in Subtropical Vegetation and Soils in Taiwan... 

Wang, T. S. C., Kao, M.-M., and Li, S. W. (1978a). A new proposed mechanism of formation of soil humic substance. In Studies and Essays in Commemoration of the Golden Jubilee of Academia Sinica. Academia Sinica, Tapei. Taiwan, pp. 357-372. 

There have been accidental releases of pollutants that have cause effects on humans and wildlife, such as Yucheng in Taiwan, Yusho in Japan (Ikeda, 1996), PCB contamination of poultry in Belgium (Bernard et al., 1999), Seveso in Italy (Mocarelli, 2001), and dioxin contamination by redistribution and burial of contaminated soils at Love Canal in the USA (Vianna, 1983). However, despite intensive and rapid industrialization and urbanization, such massive POPs related cases have not occurred in South Korea. Since the 1990s, monitoring South Korea has rarely found POP concentrations as great as parts per million (ppm). 

Thao, V.D., Kawano, M., Tatsukawa, R., 1993. Organochlorine residues in soils from Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. Environ. Pollut. 81, 61. 

Arsenic has been implicated as a cause of arteriosclerosis. Blackfoot disease, a malady suffered in areas of Taiwan having high soil and water levels of arsenic, is a very severe form of arteriosclerosis. Dilation of arteries and capillaries is a symptom of acute arsenic poisoning. 

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