Taiwan

This work was supported by NSC (Taiwan) and Academia Sinica,... 

M. Hayashi, Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC... 

Ear East capacity is primarily in Japan but includes Taiwan, Korea, and China. 

Because of projected nylon-6,6 growth of 4—10% (167) per year in the Far East, several companies have announced plans for that area. A Rhc ne-Poulenc/Oriental Chemical Industry joint venture (Kofran) announced a 1991 startup for a 50,000-t/yr plant in Onsan, South Korea (168,169). Asahi announced plans for a 15,000-t/yr expansion of adipic acid capacity at their Nobeoka complex in late 1989, accompanied by a 60,000-t/yr cyclohexanol plant at Mizushima based on their new cyclohexene hydration technology (170). In early 1990 the Du Pont Company announced plans for a major nylon-6,6 complex for Singapore, including a 90,000-t/yr adipic acid plant due to start up in 1993 (167). Plans or negotiations for other adipic acid capacity in the area include Formosa Plastics (Taiwan) (171) and BASF-Hyundai Petrochemical (South Korea) (167). Adipic acid is a truly worldwide... 

The world s largest producers are Perstorp AB (Sweden, United States, Italy), Hoechst Celanese Corporation (United States, Canada), Degussa (Germany), and Hercules (United States) with estimated 1989 plant capacities of 65,000, 59,000, 30,000, and 22,000 t/yr, respectively. Worldwide capacity for pentaerythritol production was 316,000 t in 1989, about half of which was from the big four companies. Most of the remainder was produced in Asia (Japan, China, India, Korea, and Taiwan), Europe (Italy, Spain), or South America (Brazil, Chile). The estimated rate of production for 1989 was about 253,000 t or about 80% of nameplate capacity. 

Chlorine cannot be stored economically or moved long distances. International movements of bulk chlorine are more or less limited to movements between Canada and the United States. In 1987, chlorine moved in the form of derivatives was 3.3 million metric tons or approximately 10% of total consumption (3). Exports of ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride monomer, poly(vinyl chloride), propylene oxide, and chlorinated solvents comprise the majority of world chlorine movement. Countries or areas with a chlorine surplus exported in the form of derivatives include Western Europe, Bra2il, USA, Saudi Arabia, and Canada. Countries with a chlorine deficit are Taiwan, Korea, Indonesia, Vene2uela, South Africa, Thailand and Japan (3). 

Woddwide, the production capacity for polyester fiber is approximately 11 million tons about 55% of the capacity is staple. Annual production capacity iu the United States is approximately 1.2 million tons of staple and 0.4 million tons of filament. Capacity utilization values of about 85% for staple and about 93% for filament show a good balance of domestic production vs capacity (105). However, polyester has become a woddwide market with over half of the production capacity located iu the Asia/Pacific region (106). The top ranked PET fiber-produciug countries are as follows Taiwan, 16% United States, 15% People s RepubHc of China, 11% Korea, 9% and Japan, 7% (107—109). Woddwide, the top produciug companies of PET fibers are shown iu Table 3 (107-109). 

Approximately 2.5 million t of viscose process regenerated ceUulose fibers were produced in 1990 (Table 1). Measured by production capacity in 1990, the leading producers of filament yams in 1990 were the Soviet Union state-owned factories (255,000 t capacity) and Akzo Fibres in Europe (100,000 t). The leading producers of staple fiber and tow were Courtaulds with 180,000 t capacity spUt between the UK and North America Formosa Chemicals and Fibres Co. with 150,000 t in Taiwan Tenzing with 125,000 t in Austria, and a 40% stake in South Pacific Viscose s 37,000 t Indonesian plant and Grasim Industries in India (125,000 t). BASF s U.S. capacity of 50,000 t was acquired by Tenzing in 1992. 

Lee Chang Yung Chemical Industry Hsinchu City, Taiwan 10,000 3.8... 

T okukama, Japan Ictuhara, J ap an Kawas aki, Japan Linyuan, Taiwan... 

Ched Synthetics (S. Korea) Freudenberg Far Eastern (Taiwan) Hani1 (S. Korea)... 

Brazil, China, Taiwan, India, Korea, and Spain... 

All countries listed are included in Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) except for Argentina, Cuba, Cypress, Egypt, the former GDR, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Malaysia, Malta, Philippines, South Africa, Taiwan, the former Yugoslavia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. 

The peroxodisulfates are made commercially by Akkim (Turkey), Degussa (Germany), PMC, Migas, Peroxid-Chemie, ERB Engineering (India), Sangen (Taiwan), and TokaiDenka (Japan). In 1994 the U.S. price of the sodium salt was 1.92/kg, the potassium salt 2.07/kg, and the ammonium salt 1.68/kg. 

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