134 table reaction with sodium

Some typical examples of this useful transformation are shown in Table 3 [63], These olefinic products can be transformed into l-aryl-3,3,3-trifluoropropynes via further reaction with sodium rerf-butoxide [64],... 

Oxidation of 5-substituted barbimric acids 258 with concomitant ring contraction has been shown to afford 2,4-oxazolidinediones 260 (Scheme 6.58). Similarly, examples of 5-aryl- and 5-heteroaryl-2,4-oxazolidinediones, for example, 231 and 233-240 (Table 6.8 and Fig. 6.19) have been prepared from alloxan hydrate 261. Thus, conversion of 261 to the dilauric acid intermediates 262 and reaction with sodium hydroxide gave the target compounds.Swiss chemists isolated 265 as a side product (12% yield) from the oxidation of the thymidine base in 263 during their preparation of 264 (Scheme 6.58). 

In the case of cationic complexes with unsaturated macrocycles two molecules of nucleophile, such as ammonia, amines and alkoxides, add to carbon atoms of two inline groups. For example, the reaction of [Ni(Bzo[16]octaeneN4)](C104)2 (Table 106) with sodium methoxide or ethoxide yields the compounds (395),2860 while with secondary amines and diamines complexes of type (396) are obtained.28 1 The reaction of (396) with acetone at room temperature yields complex (397) where the enolate anion of acetone, MeC(0)CH2, replaces the diethylamide group (Scheme 58). 2862 The addition of molecules such as bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamine and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) sulfide, HOCH2CH2YCH2CH2OH (Y = NMe, S) results in the formation of derivatives which possess one more coordination site just above the plane of the macrocyclic donors (398).2863... 

The principle classes of acidic compounds are listed in Table 9.1 (Column 3). The distinction between true acids and the weakly acidic pseudo acids (e.g. phenols, ends, nitroalkanes) should be made by observing the nature of the reaction with sodium hydrogen carbonate. To ensure that evolution of carbon dioxide does not go unnoticed in those cases where reaction appears sluggish, add a solution of the compound in methanol carefully to a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, when a vigorous effervescence at the interface will be observed. 

We also found that ester functionality was compatible with this reduction sequence. Thus, treatment of the ester-lactone 81 with sodium borohydride and boron trifluoride etherate provided the tetrahydropyran 123 in 55% purified yield. Upon reaction with sodium hydroxide, 81 underwent simple ester hydrolysis to furnish the carboxylic acid 127 (see Table 3). 

The unsymmetrical isomers of trinitrotoluene also give specific reactions with sodium carbonate and with lead oxide. The former also affects the ignition temperatures of the isomers. The corresponding data are tabulated below, in Table 80 (after Brunswig [141]). 

Adsorbing PCC onto alumina not only eliminates the need to buffer reactions with sodium acetate, it also enhances its reactivity. In addition, work-up requires only a flltration and then concentration. The reagent is stable for several weeks when stored under vacuum and in the absence of light (Table 15). 

Table 3. 1,2-Diazides by Reaction with Sodium Azide and Iodosobenzene in Acetic Acid76...

Allylthiiranes 337 can be prepared easily, in 78-90% yield, from 336 (prepared from 2-(P-ketoalkylthio)benzothia-zole and allylic carbonates in a Pd-catalyzed reaction) in a reaction with sodium borohydride in isopropyl alcohol at room temperature for 6-48h (Scheme 96 Table 17) <1996T2155>. 

A few halogenated 3-pyrazolin-5-thiones are known (Table XVIII). These are prepared from the methyl chlorides of 3- or 4,5-dichloro-pyrazole by reaction with sodium sulfide or potassium hydrogen sulfide.795,981 Michaelis988,992 has reported that 3-pyrazolin-5-selenones form dichlorides and di- and tetrabromides when treated with chlorine or bromine. No specific structures were suggested. 

TABLE 10.2 Structurai Effects on Rate Constants of E2 and Sn2 Reactions with Sodium Ethoxide in Ethanoi Soiution at 55°C ... 

Beryllium hydroxide is essentially insoluble in water, but is soluble both in acids and in alkalis. What do you think the products of its reaction with sodium hydroxide solution are Discuss these properties of the substance in relation to the position of beryllium in the periodic table and in the electronegativity scale. 

Table 6.4 Dakin reaction with sodium percarbonate under sonication irradiation...

As indicated in Table 6.1 some 2/f-aziiines are isolated from one-pot reactions in which the vinyl azide precursors are produced in situ. For example, 3-dialkylamino-2//-azirines 4 have been prepared from tertiary amides 3 the vinyl azide intermediates are generated by successive chlorination and reaction with sodium azide (Scheme 6.2). The conversion of these vinyl azides into azirines takes place at room temperature and it is clear that the nature of the substituents on the double bond of vinyl azides influences their temperature of decomposition. Fluoro substituted vinyl azides also decompose at room temperature. ... 

The by-products of the reaction with sodium hypochlorite are water and table salt (NaCl), as Naci H2O opposed to the by-products with HCr04-... 

Although certain arsenic-containing polymers were obtainable by Method D, 1 (see Table IX-4), others were not. Polymers derived from dimethylarsinic acid had to be prepared by addition of the sodium salt of the acid to chromic nitrate in ethanol [Eq. (lX-42)] II) followed by reaction with sodium acetylacetonate. 

The reaction of benzenesulfomc acid with sodium hydroxide (first entry m Table 24 3) proceeds by the addition-elimination mechanism of nucleophilic aromatic substi... 

The physical properties of cyanoacetic acid [372-09-8] and two of its ester derivatives are Hsted ia Table 11 (82). The parent acid is a strong organic acid with a dissociation constant at 25°C of 3.36 x 10. It is prepared by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with sodium cyanide. It is hygroscopic and highly soluble ia alcohols and diethyl ether but iasoluble ia both aromatic and aUphatic hydrocarbons. It undergoes typical nitrile and acid reactions but the presence of the nitrile and the carboxyUc acid on the same carbon cause the hydrogens on C-2 to be readily replaced. The resulting malonic acid derivative decarboxylates to a substituted acrylonitrile ... 

Oxides. Two oxides of xenon are known xenon trioxide [13776-58-4], XeO, and xenon tetroxide [12340-14-6], XeO (Table 1). Xenon trioxide is most efftcientiy prepared by the hydrolysis of XeE (47) or by the reaction of XeE with HOPOE2 (48). The XeO molecule has a trigonal pyramidal shape Xe—O, 176(3) pm (49), and XeO is tetrahedral with Xe—O, 173.6(2) pm (50). Xenon tetroxide is prepared by the interaction of concentrated sulfuric acid with sodium or barium perxenate, Na XeO, Ba2XeO ( )- Both oxides are thermodynamically unstable, explosive soHds which must be... 

Water. The character of the water has a great influence on the character of the beer and the hardness of water (alkalinity) manifests itself by the extent of its reaction with the weak acids of the mash. Certain ions are harm fill to brewing nitrates slow down fermentation, iron destroys the colloidal stabihty of beer, and calcium ions give beer a purer flavor than magnesium or sodium ions (Table 7). 

Pyridoxal Derivatives. Various aldehydes of pyridoxal (Table 3) react with hemoglobin at sites that can be somewhat controlled by the state of oxygenation (36,59). It is thereby possible to achieve derivatives having a wide range of functional properties. The reaction, shown for PLP in Figure 3, involves first the formation of a Schiff s base between the amino groups of hemoglobin and the aldehyde(s) of the pyridoxal compound, followed by reduction of the Schiff s base with sodium borohydride, to yield a covalendy-linked pyridoxyl derivative in the form of a secondary amine. 

With a reactive solvent, the mass-transfer coefficient may be enhanced by a factor E so that, for instance. Kg is replaced by EKg. Like specific rates of ordinary chemical reactions, such enhancements must be found experimentally. There are no generalized correlations. Some calculations have been made for idealized situations, such as complete reaction in the liquid film. Tables 23-6 and 23-7 show a few spot data. On that basis, a tower for absorption of SO9 with NaOH is smaller than that with pure water by a factor of roughly 0.317/7.0 = 0.045. Table 23-8 lists the main factors that are needed for mathematical representation of KgO in a typical case of the absorption of CO9 by aqueous mouethauolamiue. Figure 23-27 shows some of the complex behaviors of equilibria and mass-transfer coefficients for the absorption of CO9 in solutions of potassium carbonate. Other than Henry s law, p = HC, which holds for some fairly dilute solutions, there is no general form of equilibrium relation. A typically complex equation is that for CO9 in contact with sodium carbonate solutions (Harte, Baker, and Purcell, Ind. Eng. Chem., 25, 528 [1933]), which is... 

Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl substituted boron complexes arc obtamed by the reaction of the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl anion with boron tnfluonde [109] (Table 27) Similarly, the Gngnard reagent prepared from 3,5-bis(tnfluorometh-yl)iodobenzene reacts with sodium tetrafluoroborate to form the phase-transfer eatalyst 2 under anhydrous eonditions [110] (equation 87)... 

The reaction of benzenesulfonic acid with sodium hydroxide (first entry in Table 24.3) proceeds by the addition-elimination mechanism of nucleophilic aromatic substitution (Section 23.6). Hydroxide replaces sulfite ion (S03 ) at the carbon atom that bear s the leaving group. Thus, p-toluenesulfonic acid is converted exclusively to p-cresol by an analogous reaction ... 

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