Gngnard reagents

The formation of a Gngnard reagent is analogous to that of organohthium reagents except that each magnesium atom can participate m two separate one electron transfer steps... [Pg.592]

Reactions of Gngnard Reagents with Aldehydes and Ketones General equation and specific example... [Pg.596]

Gngnard reagents react with formal dehyde (H2C=0) to give primary alcohols having one more carbon than the Gngnard reagent... [Pg.596]

Reaction with aldehydes Gngnard reagents react with aldehydes... [Pg.596]

Sometimes the strongly basic properties of Gngnard reagents can be turned to synthetic advantage A chemist needed samples of butane specifically labeled with deuterium the mass 2 isotope of hydrogen as shown... [Pg.621]

Nucleophiles other than Gngnard reagents also open epoxide rings These reac tions are carried out in two different ways The first (Section 16 12) involves anionic nucleophiles in neutral or basic solution... [Pg.678]

It IS often necessary to prepare ketones by processes involving carbon-carbon bond formation In such cases the standard method combines addition of a Gngnard reagent to an aldehyde with oxidation of the resulting secondary alcohol... [Pg.711]

Gngnard reagent acts as a nucleophile toward carbon dioxide... [Pg.807]

The reaction of esters with Gngnard reagents and with lithium aluminum hydride both useful m the synthesis of alcohols were described earlier They are reviewed m Table 20 4 on page 848... [Pg.846]

The carbon-nitrogen triple bond of nitriles is much less reactive toward nucleophilic addition than is the carbon-oxygen double bond of aldehydes and ketones Strongly basic nucleophiles such as Gngnard reagents however do react with nitriles in a reaction that IS of synthetic value... [Pg.871]

The mine formed by nucleophilic addition of the Gngnard reagent to the nitrile is nor mally not isolated but is hydrolyzed directly to a ketone The overall sequence is used as a means of preparing ketones... [Pg.871]

Section 20 9 Esters react with Gngnard reagents and are reduced by lithium aluminum hydride (Table 20 4)... [Pg.876]

Gngnard reagent is consumed but the only organic product obtained after working up the reaction mixture is ethyl acetoacetate Why" What happens to the Gngnard reagent" ... [Pg.909]

The reaction proceeds by formation of the Grignard reagent from o bromofluorobenzene Because the order of reactivity of magnesium with aryl halides is Arl > ArBr > ArCl > ArF the Gngnard reagent has the structure shown and forms benzyne by loss of the salt FMgBr... [Pg.985]

Because 2 chloroethanol has a proton bonded to oxygen it is not an appropnate substrate for con version to a stable Gngnard reagent... [Pg.1234]

Carboxylation (Section 19 11) In the preparation of a car boxyhc acid the reaction of a carbanion with carbon diox ide Typically the carbanion source is a Gngnard reagent... [Pg.1278]

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