T Regulatory

One component of the age-ielated decline in immune function is decreased production of the lymphokine that promotes the growth of T-ceUs, interleukin 2 (IL-2). Administration of recombinant-derived IL-2, both in vitro and in vivo, appears to restore certain immune functions in aged mice. Recovery of T-regulatory effects on B-ceU differentiation has been reported in human cells from elderly patients treated with IL-1 and/or IL-2 (42). Similar effects have been observed in the presence of the pentapeptide thymopentin [69558-55-0] (Arg Lys Asp Val Tyr), a weU-known IL-2 inducer. Recombinant IL-2 adrninistered to aged mice for three weeks has been shown to correct the T-ceU functional deficiency associated with antigen-specific immunoglobulin production by certain lymphoid tissue (43). 

Autoimmune Disease. Figure 1 Mechanisms of self tolerance. DC, dendritic (antigen presenting) cell T, T-lymphocyte Th, T helper lymphocyte Treg, T regulatory lymphocyte. For details see text. 

The Th-1 /Th-2 paradigma forms a core mechanism regulating the nature of an immune response. More recently, this concept was further developed by identifying Th-subsets with predominantly suppressing properties, T-regulatory cells (Treg). These cells also play a major role in keeping those cells at rest, which have escaped central tolerance (peripheral self tolerance). 

Ozdemir C, Akdis M, Akdis CA T regulatory cells 17 and their counterparts masters of immune regulation. Clin Exp Allergy 2009 39 626-639. 

Akdis M, Blaser K, Akdis CA T regulatory cells in ll8 allergy novel concepts in the pathogenesis, prevention. and treatment of allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005 116 961-969. 

Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy l20 T-regulatory cells and more. Immunol Allergy Chn North Am 2006 26 207-231. 

Akdis M Healthy immune response to allergens T regulatory cells and more. Curr Opin Immunol 2006 18 738-744. 

DC, dendritic cell NK, natural killer Thl, T helper 1 Th2, T helper 2 Treg, T regulatory. 

Lewkowicz P. Lewkowicz N, Sasiak A, Tchorzewski H Lipopolysaccharide-activated CD4-I-CD25+ T regulatory cells inhibit neutrophil function and promote their apoptosis and death. 

Crelfin NK, Garcia RV, Levings MK Altered activation of AKT is required for the suppressive function of human CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. 

Stassen M, Jonuleit H, Muller C, Klein M, Richter C, Bopp T, Schmitt S, Schmitt E Differential regulatory capacity of CD25 4- T regulatory cells and preactivated CD25 4- T regulatory cells on development, functional activation, and proliferation of Th2 cells. J Immunol 2004 173 267-274. 

Ramsdell F An essential role for Scurfin in CD44-CD254- T regulatory cells. Nat Immunol 2003 4 337-342. 

Davidson TS, DiPaolo RJ, Andersson J, Shevach EM Cutting Edge IL-2 is essential for TGF-3-mediated induction of Foxp3-H T regulatory cells. J Immunol 2007 178 4022-4026. 

Verbsky JW Therapeutic use of T regulatory cells. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2007 19 252-258. 

Allan SE, Alstad AN, Merindol N, Crellin NK, Amendola M, Bacchetta R, Naldini L, Roncarolo MG, Soudeyns H, Levings MK Generation of potent and stable human CD4 + T regulatory cells by activation-independent expression of FOXP3. Mol Ther 2008 16 194-202. 

Taylor A, Verhagen J, Blaser K, Akdis M, Akdis CA Mechanisms of immune suppression by interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor- the role of T regulatory cells. Immunology 2006 117 433-442. 

Shevach EM From vanilla to 28 flavors multiple varieties of T regulatory cells. Immunity 2006 25 195-201. 

Immune responses in healthy and allergic individuals are characterized by a fine balance between allergen-specific T regulatory 1 and T-helper-2 cells. 

DoThi7 Cells Counteract T-Regulatory Cells in Allergic Asthma ... 

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