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Chronic therapy

Metamucil is a popular bulking agent for use ia the chronic therapy of several gastroiatestiaal disorders. It is also iadicated for use when a high fiber iatake is recommended. [Pg.201]

Nifedipine (Table 3) is a potent vasodilator that selectively dilates resistance vessels and has fewer effects on venous vessels. It does not cause reflex tachycardia during chronic therapy. Nifedipine is one of the first-line choices for black or elderly patients and patients having concomitant angina pectoris, diabetes, or peripheral vascular diseases. Nifedipine, sublingually, is also suitable for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. Nifedipine does not impair sexual function or worsen blood Hpid profile. The side effects are flushing, headache, and dizziness. [Pg.142]

The main clinical use of COMT inhibitors is as adjunct (or additional adjunct) in the therapy of Parkinson s disease. The standard therapy of Parkinson s disease is oral L-dopa (as a drug levodopa) given with a dopa decarboxylase (DDC) inhibitor (e.g. carbidopa and benserazide), which does not reach the brain. When the peripheral DDC is inhibited, the concentration of 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD), a product of COMT, in plasma is many times that of L-dopa. Since the half-life of 3-OMD is about 15 h, compared to about 1 h for L-dopa, the concentration of 3-OMD remains particularly high during chronic therapy, especially if new slow release L-dopa preparations are used. A triple therapy (L-dopa plus DDC inhibitor plus COMT-inhibitor) will... [Pg.336]

Despite the indications for involvement of free radicals in Alzheimer s disease and Down s syndrome pathogenesis summarized above, more evidence is needed to establish a role for free-radical mechanisms in these disease processes. If free radicals can be demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer s disease and Down s syndrome, then this would set the stage for chronic therapy with antioxidants in these disease states. [Pg.79]

Many patients cannot tolerate chronic ACE inhibitor therapy secondary to adverse effects outlined below. Alternatively, the angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), can-desartan and valsartan, have been documented in trials to improve clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure.68,69 Therefore, either an ACE inhibitor or candesartan or valsartan are acceptable choices for chronic therapy for patients who have a low ejection fraction (EF) and heart failure following MI. Since more than five different ACE inhibitors have proven benefits in MI while only two ARBs have been studied, the benefits of ACE inhibitors are generally considered a... [Pg.102]

Design an appropriate treatment plan for KK. Your plan should include acute and chronic therapy—specify the drug(s), dose(s), route, frequency of administration, and duration of each therapy, as well monitoring parameters, patient education, and follow-up plan. [Pg.154]

If it is necessary to use systemic corticosteroids for long-term control therapy, once-daily or every-other-day therapy should be used and repeated attempts should be made to decrease the dose or discontinue the drug. Withdrawal of chronic therapy may precipitate adrenal failure or unmask underlying inflammatory disorders such as Churg-Strauss syndrome. [Pg.220]

Preventive measures for patients who may be prone to hypotension include accurate determination of the dry weight and maintaining a constant ultrafiltration rate. Midodrine is an a-adrenergic agonist that is effective in reducing hypotension in patients with autonomic dysfunction that is taken with each dialysis session or as chronic therapy. Midodrine can be administered at doses of 2.5 to 10 mg prior to HD or 5 mg twice daily for chronic hypotension. Side effects of midodrine include pruritus and paresthesias. [Pg.396]

Determine if immediate correction of anemia is required with a transfusion or if chronic therapy can be initiated. [Pg.985]

Guidelines for managing corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis recommend measuring BMD at the beginning of chronic therapy (prednisone 5 mg or more daily or equivalent for at least 6 months) and followup monitoring with DXA in 6 to 12 months. BMD should be measured in patients taking chronic therapy whose baseline values were not obtained. [Pg.43]

Intraarticular injections of depot forms may be useful when only a few joints are involved. If effective, injections may be repeated every 3 months. No one joint should be injected more than two or three times per year. Adverse effects of systemic glucocorticoids limit their long-term use. Dosage tapering and eventual discontinuation should be considered at some point in patients receiving chronic therapy. [Pg.54]

Evaluate and optimize chronic therapy D/C meds that worsen HF Assess for signs/symptoms of fluid overload and/or low cardiac output syndrome... [Pg.105]

Reduces glutamatergic activity (e.g, increases glutamate uptake) with chronic therapy. [Pg.780]

Qassification Idiopathic osteoporosis type 1, occurring in postmenopausal females type 11, occurring in senescent males and females (>70 y). Secondary osteoporosis associated with primary disorders such as Cushing s disease, or induced by drugs, e.g chronic therapy with glucocorticoids or heparin. In these forms, the cause can be eliminated. [Pg.318]

The duration of exposure to the drug can increase from a single dose in Phase I to prolonged repeated dosing for drugs being developed for chronic therapy. [Pg.114]

Absorption/Distribution - Oral absorption is nearly complete. Peak plasma levels are attained at approximately 3 hours. The plasma half-life ranges from 12 to 27 hours after multiple oral doses. Steady-state levels are approached in 3 to 5 days once at steady-state, no accumulation occurs during chronic therapy. Plasma levels are approximately proportional to dose. In patients with congestive heart failure (CHF NYHA class III), the rate of flecainide elimination from plasma is moderately slower than for healthy subjects. Plasma protein binding is about 40% and is independent of plasma drug level over the range of 0.015 to about 3.4 mcg/mL. [Pg.459]

Hypertension - Starting dose usually is 180 to 240 mg once daily. Maximum antihypertensive effect usually is observed by 14 days of chronic therapy. May be titrated to a maximum dose of 540 mg daily. [Pg.478]

Hypertension 180 to 240 mg once daily. Maximum antihypertensive effect is usually achieved by 14 days chronic therapy. Usual range is 240 to 360 mg once daily experience with doses more than 360 mg is limited. [Pg.478]

During chronic therapy, especially for noncancer-related pain (or pain associated with other terminal illnesses), the continued need for the use of opioid analgesics should be reassessed as appropriate. [Pg.866]

During chronic therapy, especially for noncancer pain syndromes, the continued need for around-the-clock opioid therapy should be reassessed periodically (eg, every 6 to 12 months) as appropriate. [Pg.871]

In addition to addressing stochastic uncertainty, one may want to address uncertainty related to parameters measured without variation (e.g., unit cost estimates, discount rates, etc.), whether or not the results are generalizable to settings other than those studied in the trial, and, for chronic therapies, whether the cost-effectiveness ratio observed within the trial is likely to be representative of the ratio that would have been observed if the trial had been conducted for a longer period. These sources of uncertainty are often addressed using sensitivity analysis. [Pg.51]

Synthetic levothyroxine sodium is used most commonly and is the drug of choice. Oral doses are incompletely absorbed. In plasma levothyroxine is for more than 99% bound to proteins, mainly to TBG. Maximal effects are reached in 3 weeks and the activity persists for 1-3 weeks after withdrawal of chronic therapy. It has a half-life of 7 days which permits once-daily administration. Its adverse effects mainly consist of signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. [Pg.392]

Exercise-related VT frequently arises from the right ventricular outflow tract and may be easily evaluated by catheter mapping in an electrophysiology laboratory. The treatment of first choice for chronic therapy of this arrhythmia has been -blockers, but radiofrequency catheter ablation should also be considered. [Pg.604]

Moderate doses increase conduction velocity and decrease the A-V nodal refractory period this effect may result from the initial drug-induced catecholamine release. The net effect of bretylium on A-V transmission during chronic therapy is unknown. [Pg.185]

When coronary vasospasm occurs, the balance between oxygen supply and demand can be restored by relieving the spasm, thereby restoring normal coronary blood flow. Acute vasospasm has been successfully aborted through the use of nitroglycerin. In contrast, calcium entry blockers and long-acting nitrates have proved effective in the chronic therapy of coronary vasospasm. [Pg.197]

The common side effects seen in chronic therapy (Table 19.3) are mostly related to vasodilation—headaches, dizziness, facial flushing, hypotension, and so forth. High doses of verapamil in elderly patients are known to cause constipation. Serious side effects, especially following the intravenous use of verapamil, include marked negative inotropic effects and depression of preexisting sick sinus syndrome, A-V nodal disease, and... [Pg.222]


See other pages where Chronic therapy is mentioned: [Pg.202]    [Pg.140]    [Pg.143]    [Pg.154]    [Pg.351]    [Pg.497]    [Pg.509]    [Pg.225]    [Pg.730]    [Pg.126]    [Pg.456]    [Pg.119]    [Pg.496]    [Pg.300]    [Pg.342]    [Pg.569]    [Pg.733]    [Pg.1105]    [Pg.639]    [Pg.213]    [Pg.155]    [Pg.213]    [Pg.222]    [Pg.404]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.382 , Pg.384 , Pg.702 , Pg.706 ]




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