Systematic name, organic

However, we do know that notations were first suggested by Dyson in October 1946 [46-48], a result of his attention having been directed in 1937 [35] to the complexity of systematically naming organic structures. His notation was adopted by lUPAC and publkhed in 1958 as a tentative international chemical notation [49] and in 1961 as an approved notation [50]. It was revised in 1968 to accommodate experience obtained from computer aq>plication of the notation [4] and revised again for the... 

It IS hard to find a class of compounds in which the common names of its members have influenced organic nomenclature more than carboxylic acids Not only are the common names of carboxylic acids themselves abundant and widely used but the names of many other compounds are derived from them Benzene took its name from benzoic acid and propane from propionic acid not the other way around The name butane comes from butyric acid present m rancid butter The common names of most aldehydes are derived from the common names of carboxylic acids—valeraldehyde from valeric acid for exam pie Many carboxylic acids are better known by common names than by their systematic ones and the framers of the lUPAC rules have taken a liberal view toward accepting these common names as permissible alternatives to the systematic ones Table 19 1 lists both common and systematic names for a number of important carboxylic acids... 

E. W. Godly, Naming Organic Compounds A Systematic Instruction Manual, ElHs Horwood Ltd., Chichester, U.K., 1989. 

Because the rules for organic nomenclature determine the priority of naming different carbon chains from their relative lengths, the systematic names for type AABB polyamides depend on the relative length of the carbon chains between the amide nitrogens and the two carbonyl functions of the polymer for aUphatic nylon-Ayy, when x < the lUPAC name is poly[imino-R imino(l2y-dioxo-R )]. When x > then the name is... 

Repellents are materials that affect insects and other organisms by dismpting their natural behavior of bloodseeking through biting of humans and animals, and are the first line of defense that can be readily used for this purpose (1). The best overall standard repellent is A/,A/-diethyl-y -toluamide [134-62-3] (DEBT), systematically named A/jAZ-diediji-S-methylbenzamide (1). 

For this reason dual terminology is in use for the aza analogs. The first, derived from the principal pyrimidine and purine derivatives by means of the prefix aza- is used almost exclusively in biochemical papers in organic chemistry is it used together with the systematic names) wherever it is desired to compare the properties of the natural bases and of their aza analogs. The systematic terminology is naturally used in the older literature where no biochemical aspects of the compounds were considered, and in some newer work of strictly chemical nature. Since the numbering of the substituents is in some cases different for the different systems, we shall discuss this in more detail later. ... 

Nonsystematic names for organic compounds may still be found in the chemical literature and chemical supply catalogs, and so it is important to be somewhat familiar with these as well as with the IUPAC rules. Give the systematic name for (a) isobutane and (b) isopentane, (c) Formulate a rule for the usage of the prefix iso- and predict the structure of isohexane. Structures for these compounds can be found on the Web site for this book. 

The following names of organic molecules are incorrect. Draw line structures and determine the correct systematic name for (a) 4-methyl-3-propvlheptane (b) 4,6-dimethyloctane ... 

One of the major organizing principles in organic chemistry is the presence of special arrangements of atoms. These so-called functional groups convey particular chemical properties. For example, a substance that contains an —OH group is called an alcohol. The systematic name of an alcohol is obtained by adding the suffix -ol to the name of the alkane with the same carbon framework. Thus, CH3 OH has the carbon framework of methane and is called methanol, whereas C2 H5 OH has the carbon framework of efhane and is called ethanol. 

I like the Lange s format, redolent of the 43rd edition of the CRC. The one with the useful information. The organization based on common names, rather than systematic names, can make finding an entry a bit more difficult. There s a miniature gloss at the bottom of each page to help you find related compounds. 

As indicated in Chapter 2, many organic compounds have a number of historical or common names, as well as a systematic name (e.g.,... 

Figure 11.17 Structure of 1,4-hexadiene, showing how the systematic name of an organic compound can be derived from its structure (and vice versa).

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC) has set standard rules for naming organic compounds. The systematic (or lUPAC) names of alkanes and most other organic compounds follow the same pattern, shown below. 

The formation of a systematic name for a polymer requires the identification and naming of a preferred constitutional repeating unit (CRU). This basic name is then modified by prefixes, which convey precisely the structural identity of the polymer in question. Such names are referred to as structure-based names. However, polymers can also be named as being derived from a monomer (or precursors), named according to lUPAC rules. Such names are referred to as source-based names. Over the years, rules for determining polymer nomenclature under these two systems have developed in parallel. An example of the modification of the lUPAC name of an organic molecule to lUPAC structure-based and source-based names of a polymer is illustrated below. 

As seen in most categories of organic compounds, the simpler members of the family also have common names. Some of the common names and systematic names are in Figure 10-3. 

When it is required to convey more information than is implied by a simple compositional name, other approaches to name construction are adopted. The structure of the compound under consideration generally dictates the name adopted, even though a compound may be named correctly in more ways than one. For molecular compounds, substitutive nomenclature, originally developed for naming organic compounds and the oldest systematic nomenclature still in use, is generally used. 

In general, organic compounds are given systematic names by using the order prefix-parent-suffix, where prefix indicates how many branching groups are present, parent indicates how many carbons are in the longest chain and suffix indicates the name of the family. Common names as weU as systematic names are used for alkanes and their derivatives. However, it is advisable to use systematic names or the lUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) nomenclature, which can be derived from a simple set of rules. 

For listing organisms their systematic name is preferred. If these are not mentioned in the literature, the names from the respective literature are used. For example if an enzyme from yeast is described without being specified further, yeast will be the entry. This field defines the code numbers for the organisms in which the enzyme with the respective EC number is found. These code numbers (form < >) are displayed together with each entry in all fields of BRENDA where organism-specific information is given. 

The 1,3,5-triazines are amongst the oldest known organic molecules. Originally they were called the symmetric triazines, usually abbreviated to s- or sym- triazines. The numbering follows the usual convention of beginning at the heteroatom as shown for the parent compound 1,3,5-triazine (1). Rather non-systematic nomenclature is prevalent even in the current literature, because some of the compounds have been known for at least 150 years. The non-systematic names of some of the more important 1,3,5-triazines are listed in Table 1. The terms melamine, cyanuric acid and cyan uric chloride will be used throughout this chapter, and the term triazine will refer to 1,3,5-triazines only. In addition to the above names, 2,4,6-trialkoxy-l,3,5-triazines (2) are called cyanurates. Similarly, 1,3,5-trialkyl-1,3,5-triazines (3) are called isocyanurates. 

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