Syringe delivery system

Valving to divert low specific concentration eluate to "waste". Syringe delivery systems containing many of these features have been developed at the University of California (8-11), and this system is described in detail by Yano, Budinger, Cahoon and Huesman in their chapter in this volume. 

Dual-chamber syringe. For delivery of two established vaccines (e.g., polyribosyl ribitol phosphate conjugated to tetanus toxoid and diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis and inactivated poliovirus vaccine) at the same time, a dual-chamber syringe delivery system can be used. The proximal chamber may contain a vaccine in the freeze-dried solid state, and the distal chamber contains a vaccine in the liquid formulation that allows reconstitution of the vaccine in the proximal chamber. The immune response by the dualchamber delivery of vaccination was equivalent to that by the separate-injection method of vaccination. The dual-chamber syringe can be used for safe and effective delivery of two different vaccines that are not yet available as a single formulation for pediatric applications. ... 

At present, reciprocating pumps are in use for conventional column LC. In micro LC both syringe and reciprocating pumps are the favored solvent delivery systems. 

Once the extraction is complete, the static/dynamic selection valve is repositioned to the dynamic mode to allow flow. Subsequently, pressure and density are rapidly reduced to prevent significant losses of the supercritical fluid from the syringe pump tank and the extraction effluent, which is being transferred for collection. With a non-re-stricted transfer, the flow of supercritical fluid effluent is rapid. This desire for rapid depressurization led to the development of a delivery nozzle which would ensure collection of the extracted solutes without losses. Details of this delivery system can be found in the next section. 

Another application of pH-stats is to control solution pH without the use of a buffer system. Again, this can be accomplished by either a burette delivery system, a motor-driven syringe, or electrochemical generation of hydroxide ion or hydronium ion. This can be extremely useful for systems where all available buffer solutions interfere with the reaction of interest. 

Fig. 3.1. C02 delivery systems. On the left is a simple arrangement where air (from an air pump) may be mixed with C02 to produce 5% C02 in air for gassing bottles or feeding to an incubator. On the right is an arrangement for measuring out fixed volumes of C02 and delivering them through a three-way tap (at the bottom of the syringe) and a sterile Pasteur pipette to a bottle of cells.

For almost lOyears, automated solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides was performed on a modified peptide synthesizer. The first prototype of a specially made oligosaccharide synthesizer [39] features fully automated tailor-made syringe pump systems for accurate delivery of reagents. 

Start the solvent delivery system (pump) flowing at 2.0 mL/ min. Open the solvent draw-off valve and using the syringe withdraw just enough water so that the methanol from flask B just begins to drip into flask A. Remove the syringe and close the solvent draw-off valve. 

Health care providers including nurses, pharmacists, and physicians should demonstrate to parents and older children how medications should be administered and offer appropriate dosing devices (oral syringe, dropper, cylindrical medication spoon, or a small-volume doser with attachable nipple) to enable parents to accurately measure liquid products. A household teaspoon or tablespoon should not be used for medication administration because they are inaccurate. Kraus and Stohlmeyer explain the use of a new oral liquid medication delivery system that can be used for infants and young children who still use a bottle for feeding. 

Eunctionality testing of delivery systems. Formulations packaged in prefilled syringes, autoinjector cartridges, or the equivalent should have test procedures and acceptance criteria related to the functionality of the delivery system. 

Graff MR, McClunahan MA Assessment by patients with diabetes mellitus of two insulin pen delivery systems versus a vial and syringe, Clin Ther 1998, 20, 486-496. 

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