Synthetic lacquers

Cosol [Neville]. TM for high-boiling coal tar solvents for use in alkyd resin enamels and synthetic lacquers. 

In some applications, however, such as the deodorization of a synthetic lacquer, instead of being merely a contaminant, the colloid is the main consituent, i.e., the product itself, from which odor or color is to be removed. Some such applications necessitate departures from normal methods of treatment. To do this successfully requires an understanding of certain aspects of colloids. 

Another alternative that is sometimes feasible is the use of a different solvent. In some solvents the linear threads do not felt but instead roll into coils or balls in which forms they are more amenable to treatment with carbon. Thus, a synthetic lacquer that could not be treated effectively in aqueous solution was satisfactorily decolorized in a solvent consisting of equal parts of methanol and water. 

Chapter 1 defines the term plastics as used in the book (only 3D materials will be addressed, not paintings or synthetic lacquers or photographic materials). The acquisition, significance, condition and current status of plastics... 

Nail polish is a synthetic lacquer that owes its flexibility to a polymer and a plasticizer (a liquid mixed with plastics to soften them). The polymer is normally nitrocellulose. The solvents used in the polish are acetone and ethyl acetate, the same substances used for nail polish removers. 

Use. Titanium dioxide is mainly used in the production of paints and lacquers (55—60%), plastics (15—20%), and paper ( 15%). Other apphcations include the pigmentation of printing inks, mbber, textiles (qv), leather, synthetic fibers, ceramics, white cement, and cosmetics. 

Like the lower alcohols, amyl alcohols are completely miscible with numerous organic solvents and are excellent solvents for nitrocellulose, resia lacquers, higher esters, and various natural and synthetic gums and resius. However, iu contrast to the lower alcohols, they are only slightly soluble iu water. Only 2-methyl-2-butanol exhibits significant water solubiUty. As associated Hquids, amyl alcohols form a2eotropes with water and//or a variety of organic compounds (Table 3). 

As solvents, the amyl alcohols are intermediate between hydrocarbon and the more water-miscible lower alcohol and ketone solvents. Eor example, they are good solvents and diluents for lacquers, hydrolytic fluids, dispersing agents in textile printing inks, industrial cleaning compounds, natural oils such as linseed and castor, synthetic resins such as alkyds, phenoHcs, urea —formaldehyde maleics, and adipates, and naturally occurring gums, such as shellac, paraffin waxes, rosin, and manila. In solvent mixtures they dissolve cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, and ceUulosic ethers. 

The principal component of primary amyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, although itself a good solvent, is useful for the preparation of specific chemicals such as pharmaceuticals and other synthetics (153,154). Production of primary amyl acetate and its esters for solvent appHcations has seen low growth since the 1970s because of the decline of nitroceUulose lacquers and the introduction of new solvent systems. 

One principal use of cyclohexanol has been in the manufacture of esters for use as plasticizers (qv), ie, cyclohexyl and dicyclohexyl phthalates. In the finishes industry, cyclohexanol is used as a solvent for lacquers, shellacs, and varnishes. Its low volatiUty helps to improve secondary flow and to prevent blushing. It also improves the miscibility of cellulose nitrate and resin solutions and helps maintain homogeneity during drying of lacquers. Reaction of cyclohexanol with ammonia produces cyclohexylamine [108-91-8], a corrosion inhibitor. Cyclohexanol is used as a stabilizer and homogenizer for soaps and synthetic detergent emulsions. It is used also by the textile industry as a dye solvent and kier-boiling assistant (see Dye carriers). 

Phenolic resins are useful surface coating materials. Resols are useful for stoving lacquers for coating chemical plant, textile equipment, razor blades, brassware cuid food cans. Phenolic resins are used with poly(vinyl formal) as a flexible, tough and solvent-resistant wire enamel. Oil-soluble resins based on synthetic phenols form the basis of some gloss paints. 

Damp conditions contribute to gas-checking of some synthetic stoving lacquers, quite apart from the effects of foul oven gases, or the presence of detrimental solvent vapours, e.g. from a trichlorethylene degreasing plant. 

Urethane lacquers, 240 Urethane materials recycling of, 207-208 synthetic methods for, 246-258 Urethane oils, 202, 241 Urethane polymers, 197 Urethanes... 

Emulsion paints are based on aqueous synthetic resin dispersions, which afford a lacquer-like paint film. The resin dispersions which are commonly used by the paint industry contain water as the carrier phase. A large number of such dispersions are available, based on different resins such as poly(vinyl acetate), which may be employed as a copolymer with vinyl chloride, maleic dibutyl ester, ethylene, acrylic acid esters, polyacrylic resin, and copolymers of the latter with various monomers, as well as styrene-butadiene or poly(vinyl propionate). These disper-... 

A few last details may be given about Keyes, which should further demonstrate the crucial importance of the evolution of organic industries immediately after the first world war. After studying under G. N. Lewis, Keys focused not only on lacquers, as we have seen, but also on synthetic dyes. Later on, he moved toward petroleum chemistry and specialized in problems of molecular cracking because he also had a good deal of experience in distillation processes while he worked for the U.S. Industrial Alcohol Company of New York in the early 1920s (43). 

Other minor uses of detergent alcohols include lacquer solvent, synthetic lubricants (which need lots of different kinds of slippery long-chain molecules), antifoaming agents, herbicides, lube oil additives, and stabilizers for fire extinguisher foams. ... 

Uses Manufacture of artificial leathers, plastics, safety glass, photographic films, lacquers as a solvent in the production of perfumes, natural gums, and synthetic resins solvent for nitrocellulose lacquers dehydrating agent. 

Uses Solvent for nitrocellulose, synthetic resins, rubber, lacquers coating compositions inks and stains organic synthesis. 

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